Kelley P W, Petruccelli B P, Stehr-Green P, Erickson R L, Mason C J
Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100.
JAMA. 1991 Nov 20;266(19):2724-9.
Due to recent resurgences of measles, mumps, and rubella among young US adults, we sought to generate antibody prevalence data for national and military immunization policy evaluations.
We used a questionnaire and serological survey of Army recruits to assess antibody status to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 by microneutralization assay.
Basic training reception centers at Fort Benning, Ga., and Fort Jackson, SC.
The study included 1547 US Army recruits who were inducted during September and October 1989.
Seronegativity by various demographic factors.
Seronegativity rates, directly adjusted to the 15- to 24-year-old US population in 1980, were 20.7% for measles, 15.6% for mumps, 17.5% for rubella, and 6.9% for varicella. For measles, mumps, and rubella, susceptibility was less in females, blacks, and college-educated recruits, and varicella susceptibility was greater in females and blacks. Recruitment who were born after 1969 lacked measles, mumps, and rubella antibodies more often than older recruits. The adjusted seronegativity rates for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were 2.3%, 0.6%, and 14.6%, respectively; trends by age, sex, and race-ethnicity were generally unremarkable.
Among young adult Americans, susceptibility to measles, mumps, and rubella is unevenly distributed and may be substantial. Our findings support national objectives to further improve immunization coverage in school-age and adult populations and provide further impetus for legislation requiring college entrants to present evidence of having received at least two doses of measles vaccine, with one on or after entry into elementary school.
由于近期美国年轻成年人中麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫情有所回升，我们试图生成抗体流行率数据，以用于国家和军队免疫政策评估。
我们对陆军新兵进行了问卷调查和血清学调查，通过酶联免疫吸附测定评估其对麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和水痘的抗体状态，通过微量中和试验评估其对脊髓灰质炎病毒1型、2型和3型的抗体状态。
佐治亚州本宁堡和南卡罗来纳州杰克逊堡的基础训练接收中心。
该研究纳入了1989年9月和10月入伍的1547名美国陆军新兵。
按不同人口统计学因素划分的血清阴性率。
直接调整为1980年美国15至24岁人群的血清阴性率，麻疹为20.7%，腮腺炎为15.6%，风疹为17.5%，水痘为6.9%。对于麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹，女性、黑人及受过大学教育的新兵易感性较低；而对于水痘，女性和黑人的易感性较高。1969年后出生的新兵比年长新兵更常缺乏麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹抗体。脊髓灰质炎病毒1型、2型和3型的调整后血清阴性率分别为2.3%、0.6%和14.6%；年龄、性别和种族-族裔的趋势一般不显著。
在年轻的美国成年人中，对麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的易感性分布不均，且可能相当高。我们的研究结果支持国家进一步提高学龄儿童和成人免疫接种覆盖率的目标，并为立法要求大学入学新生提供至少两剂麻疹疫苗接种证据（其中一剂在进入小学或之后接种）提供了进一步动力。
