Levine Deborah A
Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY.
Pediatr Emerg Med Pract. 2016 Dec;13(12):1-20. Epub 2016 Dec 2.
Vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella continue to plague children and adults worldwide. Although public health programs have helped decrease the prevalence and sequelae of these diseases, outbreaks still occur. To limit the spread of these diseases, emergency clinicians must be able to readily identify the characteristic presentations of the rashes associated with measles, rubella, and varicella, as well as the common presenting features associated with mumps. Diagnostic laboratory studies are not usually necessary, as a complete history and physical examination usually lead to an accurate diagnosis. Treatment for these vaccine-preventable diseases usually consists of supportive care, but, in some cases, severe complications and death may occur. This issue provides a review of the clinical features, differential diagnoses, potential complications, and treatment options for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella.
麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和水痘等疫苗可预防疾病继续困扰着全球的儿童和成人。尽管公共卫生项目有助于降低这些疾病的发病率和后遗症，但疫情仍时有发生。为了限制这些疾病的传播，急诊临床医生必须能够迅速识别与麻疹、风疹和水痘相关皮疹的特征性表现，以及与腮腺炎相关的常见表现。通常不需要进行诊断性实验室检查，因为完整的病史和体格检查通常能得出准确的诊断。这些疫苗可预防疾病的治疗通常包括支持性护理，但在某些情况下，可能会出现严重并发症甚至死亡。本期对麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和水痘的临床特征、鉴别诊断、潜在并发症及治疗选择进行综述。
