Fraenkel G, Blechl A, Blechl J, Herman P, Seligman M I
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 May;74(5):2182-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.5.2182.
Injection of 3':5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) into larvae of the fly Sarcophaga bullata 3-4 hr before the beginning of puparium formation (red-spiracle stage) greatly accelerates the onset of tanning without affecting initiation of puparium formation (anterior retraction). Accelerated tanning resembles real tanning in two important respects: the solubility of cuticular proteins becomes reduced and [U-14C]tyrosine is incorporated into the cuticle. Of a number of cAMP analogues tested, 3':5'- cyclic GMP, 2':3'-cyclic AMP, and 5'-AMP were inactive, dibutyryl-3':5'-cAMP had only slight activity, and cyclic IMP and deoxy-3':5'-cAMP showed some activity. Theophylline enhanced the effect of small doses of cAMP or of blood, diluted 1:8, active in the puparium tanning factor. Injection of dopa, dopamine, acetyldopamine, or epinephrine, but not of tyrosine, had an accelerating effect similar to that of cAMP. The tanning-inhibiting effect of DL-alpha-methyl-alpha-hydrazino-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid monohydrate is reversed by dopamine or epinephrine, but not by tyrosine, dopa, or cAMP. Evidence is presented to indicate that the responses to cAMP are not artifacts but reflect actual biochemical events during tanning.
在红头丽蝇幼虫形成蛹壳（红气门期）前3 - 4小时向其注射3':5'-环磷酸腺苷（cAMP），可显著加速鞣化的开始，而不影响蛹壳形成（前部收缩）的起始。加速鞣化在两个重要方面类似于真正的鞣化：表皮蛋白的溶解度降低，并且[U-14C]酪氨酸掺入表皮。在所测试的多种cAMP类似物中，3':5'-环磷酸鸟苷、2':3'-环磷酸腺苷和5'-腺苷无活性，二丁酰-3':5'-cAMP只有轻微活性，而环磷酸肌苷和脱氧-3':5'-cAMP表现出一定活性。茶碱增强了小剂量cAMP或稀释1:8的血液（在蛹壳鞣化因子中具有活性）的作用。注射多巴、多巴胺、乙酰多巴胺或肾上腺素（而非酪氨酸）具有与cAMP类似的加速作用。DL-α-甲基-α-肼基-β-(3,4-二羟基苯基)丙酸一水合物的鞣化抑制作用可被多巴胺或肾上腺素逆转，但不能被酪氨酸、多巴或cAMP逆转。有证据表明，对cAMP的反应并非人为现象，而是反映了鞣化过程中的实际生化事件。
