Chen Shun-Wen, Wang Hsiou-Huai, Wei Chih-Fen, Fwu Bih-Jen, Hwang Kwang-Kuo
Center for General Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
J Soc Psychol. 2009 Apr;149(2):179-93. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.149.2.179-194.
Previous studies of achievement motivations have focused on the patterns of self-attribution with little consideration of the effects of achievement goals. In the present study, the authors investigated Taiwanese students' self-attribution for achievement goals mainly on the basis of autonomous interest (i.e., personal goals) and on social expectation (i.e., vertical goals). The authors administered self-developed scenario simulation questionnaires to undergraduate and graduate participants in 2 studies. The results showed that (a) in pursuit of personal goals, participants tended to attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors and (b) in pursuit of vertical goals, participants tended to attribute their failure to lack of effort. The authors further discuss the theoretical implications of these findings under a cultural context.
以往关于成就动机的研究主要关注自我归因模式，而很少考虑成就目标的影响。在本研究中，作者主要基于自主兴趣（即个人目标）和社会期望（即纵向目标），调查了台湾学生对成就目标的自我归因。作者在两项研究中对本科生和研究生参与者进行了自行编制的情景模拟问卷测试。结果表明：（a）在追求个人目标时，参与者倾向于将成功归因于内部因素，将失败归因于外部因素；（b）在追求纵向目标时，参与者倾向于将失败归因于缺乏努力。作者进一步在文化背景下讨论了这些发现的理论意义。
