Lehmann P
Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Umweltmedizin, HELIOS Klinikum Wuppertal, Wuppertal.
Hautarzt. 2009 May;60(5):402-8. doi: 10.1007/s00105-008-1689-6.
Acne is the most common disease in teens, with a prevalence of about 80-90%. The severity of acne varies greatly among individuals, and genetic background plays an important role. Pathogenetic factors include androgen-induced seborrhea, follicular hyperkeratosis, microbial population, and immunological and inflammatory processes. These factors influence each other, leading to the acne phenotype. Classical acne forms must be differentiated from special acne entities. Among those, acne induced by self-administered anabolic steroids ("bodybuilding acne") has especially become a widespread problem. Psychological effects induced by the disfiguring appearance of severe acne manifestations in pubertal adolescents should not be underestimated. Acne juvenilis may be well controlled by a variety of pathogenesis-oriented antiacne treatment strategies. Because the treatment is always longstanding, and success is achieved only after a prolonged period of time, a very good patient-doctor relationship is required.
痤疮是青少年中最常见的疾病，患病率约为80%-90%。痤疮的严重程度在个体间差异很大，遗传背景起着重要作用。发病因素包括雄激素诱导的皮脂溢出、毛囊过度角化、微生物菌群以及免疫和炎症过程。这些因素相互影响，导致痤疮的表型。经典的痤疮形式必须与特殊的痤疮类型相鉴别。其中，自行服用合成代谢类固醇引起的痤疮（“健身痤疮”）尤其成为一个普遍问题。青春期青少年严重痤疮表现的毁容外观所引起的心理影响不应被低估。寻常痤疮可通过多种针对发病机制的抗痤疮治疗策略得到很好的控制。由于治疗往往是长期的，而且只有在较长一段时间后才能取得成功，因此需要非常良好的医患关系。
