Gerard Laura, Garey Kevin W, DuPont Herbert L
University of Houston College of Pharmacy, TX 77030, USA.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2005 Apr;3(2):201-11. doi: 10.1586/14787210.3.2.201.
Rifaximin is a poorly water-soluble and minimally absorbed (<0.4%) rifamycin with in vitro activity against enteric Gram-negative bacteria including enteric pathogens. Fecal levels of the drug after 3 days' oral therapy exceed 8000 microg/g. Rifaximin is effective in the treatment and prevention of travelers' diarrhea due to Escherichia coli-predominant bacterial pathogens. It shows lower activity against dysenteric forms of bacterial diarrhea. The drug may be useful in other enteric infectious diseases, including Clostridium difficile colitis, pediatric bacterial diarrhea and Helicobacter pylori gastritis and chronic gastrointestinal disorders including hepatic encephalopathy, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, inflammatory-bowel disease, irritable-bowel syndrome and pouchitis. Importantly, rifaximin does not appear to lead to bacterial resistance. Rifaximin has an excellent safety profile and adverse drug reactions have been comparable to those associated with the placebo control agent.
利福昔明是一种水溶性差且吸收极少（<0.4%）的利福霉素，对包括肠道病原体在内的肠道革兰氏阴性菌具有体外活性。口服治疗3天后，粪便中的药物水平超过8000微克/克。利福昔明对以大肠杆菌为主的细菌性病原体引起的旅行者腹泻的治疗和预防有效。它对痢疾型细菌性腹泻的活性较低。该药物可能对其他肠道传染病有用，包括艰难梭菌性结肠炎、小儿细菌性腹泻、幽门螺杆菌胃炎以及慢性胃肠道疾病，如肝性脑病、小肠细菌过度生长、炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征和袋炎。重要的是，利福昔明似乎不会导致细菌耐药性。利福昔明具有出色的安全性，药物不良反应与安慰剂对照剂相当。
