State of the art head and neck imaging for the endovascular specialist.

Recent technologic advances including multidetector CT, dynamic CT angiography, high-field MR imaging, four-dimensional MR angiography, and physiologic studies, such as perfusion imaging, have revolutionized the imaging work-up of head, neck, and skull base lesions. These techniques not only provide accurate diagnostic information, but also help plan endovascular therapy. The future holds great promise for interventional neuroradiologists because excellent imaging tools are becoming available that are capable of providing morphologic, hemodynamic, and physiologic information. Furthermore, availability of faster, real-time guidance systems and hybrid systems improves the ability to perform procedures not only in a rapid and safe manner but also with great precision.