Sundt Rolf C, Meier Sonnich, Jonsson Grete, Sanni Steinar, Beyer Jonny
IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2009 Sep;58(9):1382-8. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.04.016. Epub 2009 May 13.
A biotest system for environmentally realistic exposure of fish to produced water (PW) was developed and tested. Authentic PW was collected at an oil production platform in the North Sea and preserved by freezing in multiple aliquots a 25L. After transport to the test laboratory onshore, daily PW aliquots were thawed, homogenised and administered to the test fish, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), in two diluted exposure concentrations, 0.1% and 0.5%, during a 15 d period, using a continuous flow-through exposure setup. Positive control groups were exposed to two crude oil treatments for comparison. Chemical analyses showed that alkylphenol (AP) and PAH concentrations in PW exposure waters were very low. Observations of significantly increased AP and PAH metabolite levels in PW exposed fish demonstrated the suitability of the biotest system for its use in biological exposure/effect studies of PW, and it also demonstrated the sensitivity of bile metabolites as PW exposure markers in fish. The relevance of the biotest system for PW effect studies and for validating modelled environmental risk estimates of PW dischargers from offshore oil production is discussed.
开发并测试了一种用于让鱼类在环境现实条件下接触采出水（PW）的生物测试系统。真实的采出水在北海的一个石油生产平台采集，并以25升的多个等分试样冷冻保存。运至岸上的测试实验室后，每日将采出水的等分试样解冻、均质化，并在15天的时间里，以0.1%和0.5%两种稀释暴露浓度，使用连续流通暴露装置施用于受试鱼类大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）。阳性对照组暴露于两种原油处理组以作比较。化学分析表明，采出水暴露水体中的烷基酚（AP）和多环芳烃（PAH）浓度非常低。对暴露于采出水的鱼类中AP和PAH代谢物水平显著升高的观察结果表明，该生物测试系统适用于采出水的生物暴露/效应研究，同时也证明了胆汁代谢物作为鱼类采出水暴露标志物的敏感性。讨论了该生物测试系统对于采出水效应研究以及验证海上石油生产采出水排放者的模拟环境风险估计的相关性。
