Bernardo Carvalho A, Koerich Leonardo B, Clark Andrew G
Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Trends Genet. 2009 Jun;25(6):270-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2009.04.002. Epub 2009 May 13.
Classically, Y chromosomes are thought to originate from X chromosomes through a process of degeneration and gene loss. Now, the availability of 12 Drosophila genomes provides an opportunity to study the origin and evolution of Y chromosomes in an informative phylogenetic context. Surprisingly, the majority of Drosophila Y-linked genes are recent acquisitions from autosomes and Y chromosome gene gains are more frequent than gene losses. Moreover, the Drosophila pseudoobscura Y chromosome lacks homology with the Y of most Drosophila species. Thus, the Drosophila Y has a different evolutionary history from canonical Y chromosomes (such as the mammalian Y) and it also might have a different origin.
传统上，人们认为Y染色体是通过退化和基因丢失的过程从X染色体起源的。现在，12个果蝇基因组的可得性为在一个信息丰富的系统发育背景下研究Y染色体的起源和进化提供了机会。令人惊讶的是，大多数果蝇Y连锁基因是最近从常染色体获得的，而且Y染色体上的基因获得比基因丢失更频繁。此外，果蝇伪暗果蝇的Y染色体与大多数果蝇物种的Y染色体缺乏同源性。因此，果蝇的Y染色体与典型的Y染色体（如哺乳动物的Y染色体）有着不同的进化历史，它也可能有不同的起源。
