An Jing, Zhou Qixing, Sun Fuhong, Zhang Lei
Key laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2009 Sep 30;169(1-3):751-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.011. Epub 2009 Apr 10.
In order to assess ecological risk of pharmaceutical compounds entering into agricultural ecosystems, toxic effects of paracetamol with therapeutic action on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated as an example, using early growing and developmental indexes of wheat, including seed germination, shoot height and root length, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, chlorophyll, and soluble protein in the seedlings. The results showed that wheat shoot and root elongation decreased significantly (p<0.05) with an increase in the concentration of paracetamol. Wheat roots were the most sensitive sites of the plants to paracetamol, and the median effect concentration (EC(50)) of paracetamol based on the inhibition of root elongation was 668.8 mg/L, which cannot be found in the practical environment in this phase. However, the low concentration of paracetamol inhibited the growth of wheat after a chronic exposure. After the 21-day exposure, 1.4-22.4 mg/L paracetamol treatment caused damage to the chlorophyll accumulation and soluble protein synthesis. After the 7-day exposure, the activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in wheat leaves increased with an increase in the concentration of paracetamol in order to eliminate the peroxides produced and maintain the function of cells. However, the activity of peroxidase in wheat roots decreased significantly after the 14-day exposure, which indicated the antioxidative defensive system in wheat roots was damaged by paracetamol.
为评估进入农业生态系统的药物化合物的生态风险，以对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）具有治疗作用的扑热息痛的毒性效应为例，利用小麦的早期生长和发育指标进行了研究，这些指标包括种子发芽、苗高和根长、幼苗中的过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白。结果表明，随着扑热息痛浓度的增加，小麦的苗和根伸长显著降低（p<0.05）。小麦根是植物对扑热息痛最敏感的部位，基于根伸长抑制的扑热息痛半数效应浓度（EC(50)）为668.8 mg/L，在此阶段的实际环境中未发现该浓度。然而，低浓度的扑热息痛在慢性暴露后会抑制小麦生长。暴露21天后，1.4 - 22.4 mg/L扑热息痛处理对叶绿素积累和可溶性蛋白合成造成损害。暴露7天后，小麦叶片中的过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性随着扑热息痛浓度的增加而增加，以消除产生的过氧化物并维持细胞功能。然而，暴露14天后，小麦根中的过氧化物酶活性显著降低，这表明扑热息痛损害了小麦根中的抗氧化防御系统。
