Díaz-Robles L A, Fu J S, Reed G D, DeLucia A J
School of Environmental Engineering, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
Environ Int. 2009 Aug;35(6):956-64. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.04.005. Epub 2009 May 17.
The fine and ultra fine size of diesel particulate mater (DPM) are of great health concern and significantly contribute to the overall cancer risk. In addition, diesel particles may contribute a warming effect on the planet's climate. The composition of these particles is composed principally of elemental carbon (EC) with adsorbed organic compounds, sulfate, nitrate, ammonia, metals, and other trace elements. The purpose of this study was to depict the seasonality and modeling of particulate matter in the Southeastern US produced by the diesel fueled sources (DFSs). The modeling results came from four one-month cases including March, June, September, and December to represent different seasons in 2003 by linking Models-3/CMAQ and SMOKE. The 1999 National Emissions Inventory Version 3 (NEI99) was used in this analysis for point, area, and non-road sources, whereas the National Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM) was used to create the on-road emissions. Three urban areas, Atlanta, Birmingham, and Nashville were selected to analyze the DPM emissions and concentrations. Even though the model performance was not very strong, it could be considered satisfactory to conduct seasonal distribution analysis for DPM. Important hourly DPM seasonality was observed in each city, of which higher values occurred at the morning traffic rush hours. The EC contributions of primary DPM were similar for all three sites (approximately 74%). The results showed that there is no significant daily seasonality of DPM contribution to PM(2.5) for any of these three cities in 2003. The annual DPM contribution to total PM(2.5) for Atlanta, Nashville, and Birmingham were 3.7%, 2.5%, and 2.2%, respectively.
柴油颗粒物（DPM）的细颗粒和超细颗粒对健康危害极大，在总体癌症风险中占很大比例。此外，柴油颗粒可能会对地球气候产生变暖效应。这些颗粒的成分主要由元素碳（EC）以及吸附的有机化合物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、氨、金属和其他微量元素组成。本研究的目的是描述美国东南部柴油燃料源（DFS）产生的颗粒物的季节性特征并进行建模。建模结果来自四个为期一个月的案例，包括2003年3月、6月、9月和12月，通过链接Models-3/CMAQ和SMOKE来代表不同季节。本分析使用1999年国家排放清单第3版（NEI99）来获取点源、面源和非道路源排放数据，而使用国家移动排放清单模型（NMIM）来生成道路排放数据。选取了亚特兰大、伯明翰和纳什维尔三个城市来分析DPM排放和浓度。尽管模型性能不是很强，但对于进行DPM的季节分布分析来说可以认为是令人满意的。在每个城市都观察到了重要的DPM小时季节性特征，其中较高值出现在早高峰时段。三个站点的一次DPM中EC的贡献相似（约74%）。结果表明，2003年这三个城市中，DPM对PM(2.5)的贡献均不存在显著的日季节性特征。亚特兰大、纳什维尔和伯明翰的DPM对总PM(2.5)的年贡献分别为3.7%、2.5%和2.2%。
