Wieczorek Helmut, Beyenbach Klaus W, Huss Markus, Vitavska Olga
Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany.
J Exp Biol. 2009 Jun;212(Pt 11):1611-9. doi: 10.1242/jeb.030007.
Active transepithelial cation transport in insects was initially discovered in Malpighian tubules, and was subsequently also found in other epithelia such as salivary glands, labial glands, midgut and sensory sensilla. Today it appears to be established that the cation pump is a two-component system of a H(+)-transporting V-ATPase and a cation/nH(+) antiporter. After tracing the discovery of the V-ATPase as the energizer of K(+)/nH(+) antiport in the larval midgut of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta we show that research on the tobacco hornworm V-ATPase delivered important findings that emerged to be of general significance for our knowledge of V-ATPases, which are ubiquitous and highly conserved proton pumps. We then discuss the V-ATPase in Malpighian tubules of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster where the potential of post-genomic biology has been impressively illustrated. Finally we review an integrated physiological approach in Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti which shows that the V-ATPase delivers the energy for both transcellular and paracellular ion transport.
昆虫中的主动跨上皮阳离子转运最初是在马氏管中发现的，随后在其他上皮组织中也被发现，如唾液腺、唇腺、中肠和感觉感受器。如今，阳离子泵似乎已被确认为是由一个运输H⁺的V-ATP酶和一个阳离子/nH⁺反向转运体组成的双组分系统。在追溯了V-ATP酶作为烟草天蛾Manduca sexta幼虫中肠K⁺/nH⁺反向转运的能量供应者的发现之后，我们表明，对烟草天蛾V-ATP酶的研究得出了一些重要发现，这些发现对于我们了解V-ATP酶具有普遍意义，V-ATP酶是普遍存在且高度保守的质子泵。然后我们讨论了果蝇Drosophila melanogaster马氏管中的V-ATP酶，在后基因组生物学的潜力在那里得到了令人印象深刻的体现。最后，我们回顾了黄热病蚊子埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti马氏管中的一种综合生理学方法，该方法表明V-ATP酶为跨细胞和细胞旁离子转运提供能量。
