Chavez Ayala Ruben, Rivera-Rivera Leonor, Angeles-Llerenas Angélica, Díaz-Cerón Eva, Allen-Leigh Betania, Ponce Eduardo Lazcano
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
Rev Saude Publica. 2009 Jun;43(3):506-14. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102009000300015.
To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence.
Study conducted in a sample of students in the state of Morelos, Mexico, in 2004-2005. Participants (n=1730) were drawn from a cohort of 13,293 students aged 12 to 24 years. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire comprising parts of validated scales. The variables studied were: sociodemographic (gender, living area, socioeconomic status), family (parental education, parental addictions, violence between parents), individual psychological factors (self-esteem assessed using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, depression, alcohol consumption), intrafamily violence (assessed through Strauss Scale) and sexual abuse. Multiple logistic regression assessed the risk factors associated. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were estimated.
Of all students studied, 4.7% (n=80) reported attempted sexual abuse and 2.9% (n=50) were victims of consummated sexual abuse. Women had higher prevalence of attempted (6.1%) abuse; 3.6% of females and 1.9% of men were sexually abused. Main perpetrators were boyfriends in women and a stranger in men. Mean age was 12.02 years old among females and 11.71 years old among men. Factors found to be associated with abuse: high parental alcohol consumption (OR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.40;8.07), violence toward the mother (OR = 4.49, 95% CI 1.54;13.10), female gender (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.17;5.24), being a victim of great domestic violence (OR = 3.58, 95% CI 1.32;9.67). High self-esteem was a protective factor (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.09;0.75).
Overall sexual abuse occurs at the age of 12 in both males and females, and it is more frequent among females. Most victims do not report abuse.
评估儿童及青少年期性虐待的患病率及其相关因素。
2004 - 2005年在墨西哥莫雷洛斯州的学生样本中开展研究。参与者（n = 1730）来自13293名年龄在12至24岁的学生队列。通过包含部分经过验证的量表的问卷收集数据。研究的变量包括：社会人口学因素（性别、居住地区、社会经济地位）、家庭因素（父母教育程度、父母成瘾情况、父母间暴力）、个体心理因素（使用库珀史密斯自尊量表评估的自尊、抑郁、饮酒情况）、家庭内暴力（通过施特劳斯量表评估）以及性虐待。采用多重逻辑回归分析相关危险因素。估计比值比（OR）及95%置信区间。
在所有研究学生中，4.7%（n = 80）报告曾遭受性虐待未遂，2.9%（n = 50）是性虐待既遂的受害者。女性性虐待未遂的患病率更高（6.1%）；3.6%的女性和1.9%的男性遭受过性虐待。女性的主要施虐者是男友，男性的主要施虐者是陌生人。女性受害者的平均年龄为12.02岁，男性为11.71岁。发现与性虐待相关的因素有：父母酗酒程度高（OR = 3.37，95% CI 1.40；8.07）、对母亲的暴力行为（OR = 4.49，95% CI 1.54；13.10）、女性性别（OR = 2.47，95% CI 1.17；5.24）、曾是严重家庭暴力的受害者（OR = 3.58，95% CI 1.32；9.67）。高自尊是一个保护因素（OR = 0.27，95% CI 0.09；0.75）。
总体而言，男性和女性在12岁时均会发生性虐待，且在女性中更为常见。大多数受害者并未报告遭受过性虐待。
