Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, United States.
Behav Res Ther. 2009 Aug;47(8):671-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.012. Epub 2009 May 8.
Although disgust plays a significant role in the etiology of spider phobia, there remains a paucity of research examining the role of disgust in the treatment of spider phobia. Spider fearful participants (N = 46) were randomly assigned to a disgust (view vomit images) or neutral activation (view inanimate objects) condition. They were then repeatedly exposed to a videotaped tarantula, during which time their fear, disgust, and physiological levels were assessed repeatedly. Growth curve analyses indicated that repeated exposure led to significant declines in fear and disgust with no statistically significant differences between the two conditions. However, there was marginal evidence for decreased physiological arousal during repeated exposure among spider fearful participants in the disgust activation condition compared to those in the neutral condition. Reduction in disgust during exposure in the disgust activation condition remained significant after controlling for change in fear, whereas change in fear was no longer significant after controlling for change in disgust. However, the opposite pattern of relations between change in fear and disgust was observed in the neutral activation condition. Higher fear and disgust activation during exposure was also associated with higher fear and disgust responding on a subsequent behavioral task and higher spider fear and disgust at 3-month follow-up. Baseline trait disgust propensity also predicted fear and disgust parameters during repeated exposure. The implications of these findings for the role of disgust in the treatment of spider phobia are discussed.
虽然厌恶在蜘蛛恐惧症的病因学中起着重要作用，但仍缺乏研究来检验厌恶在蜘蛛恐惧症治疗中的作用。蜘蛛恐惧症参与者（N=46）被随机分配到厌恶（观看呕吐物图像）或中性激活（观看无生命物体）条件。然后，他们反复暴露于一段录制的狼蛛视频中，在此期间反复评估他们的恐惧、厌恶和生理水平。增长曲线分析表明，反复暴露导致恐惧和厌恶显著下降，两种条件之间没有统计学上的显著差异。然而，在厌恶激活条件下，与中性条件相比，蜘蛛恐惧参与者在反复暴露期间的生理唤醒程度略有下降。在控制恐惧变化后，厌恶在厌恶激活条件下的减少仍然显著，而在控制厌恶变化后，恐惧的变化不再显著。然而，在中性激活条件下，恐惧和厌恶变化之间的关系则呈现相反的模式。暴露时更高的恐惧和厌恶激活也与随后的行为任务中更高的恐惧和厌恶反应以及 3 个月随访时更高的蜘蛛恐惧和厌恶相关。基线特质厌恶倾向也预测了在反复暴露期间恐惧和厌恶的参数。这些发现对厌恶在蜘蛛恐惧症治疗中的作用具有启示意义。
