Olatunji Bunmi O, Smits Jasper A J, Connolly Kevin, Willems Jeffrey, Lohr Jeffrey M
Vanderbilt University, 301 Wilson Hall, 111 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37203, United States.
J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21(3):445-55. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.05.001. Epub 2006 Jun 27.
In the present study, participants (N=22) displaying marked fear of blood-injection-injury (BII) stimuli were provided 30 min of in vivo exposure to threat-relevant stimuli, during which time their fear and disgust levels were repeatedly assessed. Growth curve analyses were then conducted to examine the decay slopes in both fear and disgust and their relationship. Results indicated that exposure led to significant declines in fear and disgust across trials. However, the decay slope observed for fear was significantly greater than that for disgust. Further analyses revealed that the decline in fear across trials remained significant after accounting for the changes in disgust. However, the effect of trial on disgust was no longer significant after controlling for the reduction in fear. Global disgust sensitivity levels prior to exposure did not moderate the level of fear activation or fear reduction during exposure. BII-specific digust sensitivity was also not associated with initial levels of fear. However, levels of BII-specific disgust sensitivity were independently negatively associated with fear decline. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
在本研究中，为22名表现出对血液-注射-损伤（BII）刺激有明显恐惧的参与者提供了30分钟的与威胁相关刺激的现场暴露，在此期间反复评估他们的恐惧和厌恶程度。然后进行生长曲线分析，以检查恐惧和厌恶的衰减斜率及其关系。结果表明，暴露导致各试验中恐惧和厌恶显著下降。然而，观察到的恐惧衰减斜率显著大于厌恶的衰减斜率。进一步分析表明，在考虑厌恶的变化后，各试验中恐惧的下降仍然显著。然而，在控制恐惧降低后，试验对厌恶的影响不再显著。暴露前的总体厌恶敏感水平并未调节暴露期间的恐惧激活水平或恐惧降低程度。BII特异性厌恶敏感性也与初始恐惧水平无关。然而，BII特异性厌恶敏感水平与恐惧下降独立呈负相关。讨论了研究结果的理论和临床意义。
