Sallis James F, Bowles Heather R, Bauman Adrian, Ainsworth Barbara E, Bull Fiona C, Craig Cora L, Sjöström Michael, De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse, Lefevre Johan, Matsudo Victor, Matsudo Sandra, Macfarlane Duncan J, Gomez Luis Fernando, Inoue Shigeru, Murase Norio, Volbekiene Vida, McLean Grant, Carr Harriette, Heggebo Lena Klasson, Tomten Heidi, Bergman Patrick
Active Living Research, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92103, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2009 Jun;36(6):484-90. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.031.
Understanding environmental correlates of physical activity can inform policy changes. Surveys were conducted in 11 countries using the same self-report environmental variables and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, allowing analyses with pooled data.
The participating countries were Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, China (Hong Kong), Japan, Lithuania, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the U.S., with a combined sample of 11,541 adults living in cities. Samples were reasonably representative, and seasons of data collection were comparable. Participants indicated whether seven environmental attributes were present in their neighborhood. Outcomes were measures of whether health-related guidelines for physical activity were met. Data were collected in 2002-2003 and analyzed in 2007. Logistic regression analyses evaluated associations of physical activity with environmental attributes, adjusted for age, gender, and clustering within country.
Five of seven environmental variables were significantly related to meeting physical activity guidelines, ranging from access to low-cost recreation facilities (OR=1.16) to sidewalks on most streets (OR=1.47). A graded association was observed, with the most activity-supportive neighborhoods having 100% higher rates of sufficient physical activity compared to those with no supportive attributes.
Results suggest neighborhoods built to support physical activity have a strong potential to contribute to increased physical activity. Designing neighborhoods to support physical activity can now be defined as an international public health issue.
了解身体活动的环境相关因素可为政策变化提供依据。在11个国家开展了调查，使用相同的自我报告环境变量和国际身体活动问卷，从而能够对汇总数据进行分析。
参与调查的国家有比利时、巴西、加拿大、哥伦比亚、中国（香港）、日本、立陶宛、新西兰、挪威、瑞典和美国，共有11541名居住在城市的成年人作为样本。样本具有合理的代表性，数据收集季节具有可比性。参与者指出其社区是否存在七种环境属性。结果是衡量是否符合与身体活动相关的健康指南。数据于2002 - 2003年收集，并于2007年进行分析。逻辑回归分析评估了身体活动与环境属性之间的关联，并对年龄、性别和国家内部聚类进行了调整。
七个环境变量中有五个与符合身体活动指南显著相关，范围从可使用低成本娱乐设施（比值比=1.16）到大多数街道有 sidewalks（比值比=1.47）。观察到一种分级关联，与没有支持性属性的社区相比，最支持身体活动的社区有足够身体活动的比例高出100%。
结果表明，建设支持身体活动的社区对于增加身体活动具有很大潜力。现在可以将设计支持身体活动的社区定义为一个国际公共卫生问题。
