MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Jun;41(6):1212-21. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31819794ab.
Adult physical performance is recognized as a marker of both current physical capacity and future health. The aim of the study was to examine the independent influences of birth weight, infant weight gain, and infant motor development on a variety of adult physical performance outcomes, in terms of muscular strength, muscular endurance, and aerobic fitness.
The study population consisted of 4304 individuals from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC 1966) with anthropometry measured at birth and at 1 yr. Infant motor development at age 1 yr was assessed by parentally reported age at first walking supported and standing unaided. At follow-up, aged 31 yr, muscle strength was measured using a handgrip dynamometer, muscle endurance was measured using a timed trunk extension test, and aerobic fitness was estimated from heart rate immediately after a standardized step test.
Birth weight was positively associated with muscle strength and aerobic fitness at age 31 yr, and these associations were independent of adult body size (P < 0.001). Greater infant weight gain between 0 and 1 yr was associated with lower muscle endurance (P = 0.004) and poorer aerobic fitness (P = 0.002); these associations seemed to be mediated by adult body size. Independent of infant birth weight and adult body size (height and weight), earlier infant motor development was associated with greater adult muscle strength (P < or = 0.001), muscle endurance (P < 0.001), and aerobic fitness (P < 0.001).
Higher birth weight, lower infant weight gain, and earlier infant motor development independently predict higher levels of adult physical performance for muscle strength, muscle endurance, and aerobic fitness at age 31 yr.
成人身体表现被认为是当前身体能力和未来健康的标志。本研究的目的是检查出生体重、婴儿体重增加和婴儿运动发育对各种成人身体表现结果的独立影响，包括肌肉力量、肌肉耐力和有氧健身。
研究人群由来自 1966 年芬兰北部出生队列（NFBC1966）的 4304 人组成，在出生时和 1 岁时进行了人体测量。1 岁时婴儿运动发育通过父母报告的首次独立行走和站立年龄进行评估。在随访时，即 31 岁时，使用握力计测量肌肉力量，使用定时躯干伸展试验测量肌肉耐力，通过标准化台阶试验后即刻的心率估计有氧健身。
出生体重与 31 岁时的肌肉力量和有氧健身呈正相关，且这些相关性独立于成人身体大小（P<0.001）。0 至 1 岁之间婴儿体重增加较多与肌肉耐力较低（P=0.004）和有氧健身较差（P=0.002）相关；这些关联似乎通过成人身体大小介导。独立于婴儿出生体重和成人身体大小（身高和体重），婴儿运动发育较早与成人肌肉力量较大（P<0.001）、肌肉耐力较强（P<0.001）和有氧健身较好（P<0.001）相关。
较高的出生体重、较低的婴儿体重增加和较早的婴儿运动发育独立预测 31 岁时成人肌肉力量、肌肉耐力和有氧健身的较高水平。
