J Phys Act Health. 2022 Jan 1;19(1):12-19. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0325. Epub 2021 Dec 11.
The purpose was to examine the potential associations of birth weight and infant growth with physical fitness (PF) components in childhood.
A random sample of 5125 dyads of children aged 8-9 years and their mothers were evaluated. Telephone interviews were carried out with the use of a standardized questionnaire for the collection of maternal lifestyle factors. Mothers were asked to provide information contained in their medical booklets and pregnancy ultrasound records. Data from 5 PF tests were used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, and body strength. Linear regression analysis was applied to assess the associations between birth weight and infant growth with PF test performances and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the associations of normal weight versus low birth weight and normal versus accelerated infant growth with PF tests performance categories (low vs high/average).
Birth weight was favorably associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (b = 0.12 stage increase per SD increase in birth weight, P = .047), lower body strength (b = 1.07, P = .037), upper body strength (b = 0.10, P = .038), and speed (b = -0.04, P = .001), and infant growth was associated with upper body strength (b = 0.21 cm increase per SD increase in infant weight gain, P < .001) after adjusting for children's body mass index and several perinatal factors. Low birth weight children had 35% increased odds for low performances in PF tests compared with their normal birth weight counterparts.
Low birth weight negatively affects childhood PF, and hence, it could play an unfavorable role in the future health of the offspring.
本研究旨在探讨出生体重和婴儿生长与儿童体能（PF）成分的潜在关联。
对 5125 对年龄为 8-9 岁的儿童及其母亲进行了随机抽样。使用标准化问卷进行电话访谈，以收集母亲生活方式因素的信息。母亲被要求提供她们医疗手册和妊娠超声记录中的信息。使用 5 项 PF 测试的数据评估心肺适能、速度和身体力量。线性回归分析用于评估出生体重和婴儿生长与 PF 测试表现之间的关联，逻辑回归分析用于评估正常体重与低出生体重以及正常与加速婴儿生长与 PF 测试表现类别（低与高/平均）之间的关联。
出生体重与心肺适能呈正相关（每增加 1 个标准差的出生体重，PF 测试表现提高 0.12 个阶段，P =.047），与下肢力量（b = 1.07，P =.037）、上肢力量（b = 0.10，P =.038）和速度（b = -0.04，P =.001）呈正相关，婴儿生长与上肢力量呈正相关（b = 0.21 厘米，每增加 1 个标准差的婴儿体重增长，P <.001），在调整了儿童的体重指数和几个围产期因素后。与正常出生体重的儿童相比，低出生体重的儿童在 PF 测试中的表现较差的可能性增加了 35%。
低出生体重对儿童 PF 有负面影响，因此可能对后代的未来健康产生不利影响。
