Boehnke K, von Fromberg E, Macpherson M J
Institut für Pädagogische Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 1991 Jul-Aug;40(6):204-13.
The article reports first results from a follow-up survey (N = 837) on existential anxieties with a sample of 8- to 20-year-olds from the Federal Republic of Germany who had been questioned first in 1985. The report focuses only on data gathered with the 'worry scale' by Goldenring und Doctor. Analyses based on a time-sequential-design show that (cross-sectionally as well as longitudinally) personal worries (concerned with everyday hassles, critical life-events, and micro-social stressors) decline with age. For politically based worries (concerned with so-called macro-social stressors), however, there is a strong gender difference: While in the cross-sectional analyses there is no mean difference between older and younger adolescents of both sexes, the longitudinal analyses show a possibly historical effect: Not only do girls express more personal als well as political worries (in whatever way this may be interpreted psychologically), their worries in the political field even increased at the end of the eighties whereas fears of boys in that domain remained constant. Consequences of the gulf war are briefly discussed.
本文报告了一项后续调查（N = 837）的初步结果，该调查针对的是1985年首次接受询问的来自德意志联邦共和国的8至20岁人群的生存焦虑情况。该报告仅关注由戈尔登林和多克特编制的“担忧量表”所收集的数据。基于时间序列设计的分析表明，（从横断面和纵向来看）个人担忧（涉及日常烦恼、重大生活事件和微观社会压力源）会随着年龄增长而减少。然而，对于基于政治的担忧（涉及所谓的宏观社会压力源），存在明显的性别差异：在横断面分析中，不同年龄段的青少年男女之间没有平均差异，但纵向分析显示出一种可能的历史效应：不仅女孩表达了更多的个人担忧以及政治担忧（无论从心理学角度如何解释），而且她们在政治领域的担忧在八十年代末甚至有所增加，而男孩在该领域的担忧则保持不变。文中还简要讨论了海湾战争的影响。
