Bulbul Selda Fatma, Muluk Nuray Bayar, Cakir Elif Pinar, Tufan Erennur
Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatry Department, Turkey.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 Aug;73(8):1124-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.04.018. Epub 2009 May 20.
We investigated the hearing problems and tinnitus frequencies in adolescents at three public primary and two high schools.
This study was carried out at three public primary and two high schools. 428 Turkish school children (244 girls, 184 boys) were asked to voluntarily answer a set of questionnaires in their classrooms at the beginning of the training program. There were 250 students (105 male, 145 female) in Primary School and 178 (79 male, 99 female) students in High School. We used questionnaire to evaluate subjective tinnitus and hearing problems. Walkman usage, listening loud and noisy music, intra-familial physical trauma, concentration difficulty in class and school success were also evaluated.
In age-related groups (Group 1=11-13 years; Group 2=13-15 years; Group 3=16-18 years), hearing loss was present in 32.1% of Group 1, 19% of Group 2 and 28.3% of Group 3. Listening loud and noisy music was reported in 81.8% of Group 1, 95.4% of Group 2 and 87% of Group 3. Tinnitus was present 36.8% in Group 2, 33.5% in Group 1 and 31.5% in Group 3. Tinnitus after listening loud music was present in 42.7% of Group 2, 36.1% of Group 3 and 25.6% of Group 1. Among all students with tinnitus, 19.5% considered their school success as very good, 41.1% as good and 39.4% as bad. In students, using Walkman, tinnitus was seen both in the right and left ears.
Tinnitus may be seen in adolescents at primary and high schools. Listening loud and noisy music and Walkman usage may cause an increase in the frequency of tinnitus manifestation. Adolescents should be educated about the hazardous effects of loud music. Education should include families, teachers, students, and whole community. These issues should be taken into public health policy of the countries.
我们调查了三所公立小学和两所高中青少年的听力问题及耳鸣发生率。
本研究在三所公立小学和两所高中开展。428名土耳其学童（244名女生，184名男生）在培训项目开始时被要求在教室里自愿回答一组问卷。小学有250名学生（105名男生，145名女生），高中有178名学生（79名男生，99名女生）。我们使用问卷评估主观耳鸣和听力问题。还评估了随身听的使用情况、听大声嘈杂音乐的情况、家庭内部身体创伤、课堂上注意力不集中情况以及学业成绩。
在按年龄分组的组别中（第1组=11 - 13岁；第2组=13 - 15岁；第3组=16 - 18岁），第1组32.1%的学生有听力损失，第2组为19%，第3组为28.3%。第1组81.8%的学生、第2组95.4%的学生和第3组87%的学生报告听大声嘈杂的音乐。第2组耳鸣发生率为36.8%，第1组为33.5%，第3组为31.5%。听大声音乐后出现耳鸣的情况在第2组中占42.7%，第3组中占36.1%，第1组中占25.6%。在所有有耳鸣的学生中，19.5%认为自己学业成绩非常好，41.1%认为良好，39.4%认为差。在使用随身听的学生中，双耳均出现耳鸣。
小学和高中的青少年中可能会出现耳鸣。听大声嘈杂音乐和使用随身听可能会导致耳鸣表现频率增加。应该对青少年进行关于大声音乐有害影响的教育。教育应涵盖家庭、教师、学生和整个社区。这些问题应纳入各国的公共卫生政策。
