Naz Rajesh K, Rowan Shon
Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center North, Room 2084, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506-9186, USA.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Jun;21(3):265-9. doi: 10.1097/gco.0b013e328329247d.
To review current options of contraception available for men and the recent developments in the field of male contraception.
Current options for male contraception are the barrier methods such as condoms and the surgical methods such as vasectomy. Condoms are coital-dependent and not always reliable as they are prone to slippage and breakage. Vasectomy has the advantage of being coital-independent but is permanent. Recent surveys have shown that men want to be more involved in contraception decisions, and women trust their male partners to take an active role in this area. Nonsurgical steroidal methods comprising various derivatives of the androgens and their receptors are in various phases of clinical trials in men. The ideal male contraceptive should be coitalin-dependent, nonsurgical, reversible, effective, and should not alter androgen levels or libido. Several nonsteroidal molecules and vaccines are being investigated in animal models for male contraception.
Male hormonal contraception may become a reality in the near future. Nonsteroidal methods including contraceptive vaccines targeting various molecules are an exciting proposition and are under investigation.
回顾目前男性可用的避孕方法以及男性避孕领域的最新进展。
目前男性避孕的方法有屏障法如避孕套，以及手术法如输精管切除术。避孕套依赖性交，且由于容易滑落和破裂而并非总是可靠。输精管切除术具有不依赖性交的优点，但却是永久性的。最近的调查显示，男性希望更多地参与避孕决策，女性也信任她们的男性伴侣在这方面发挥积极作用。包括雄激素及其受体的各种衍生物在内的非手术甾体方法正处于男性临床试验的不同阶段。理想的男性避孕药应不依赖性交、非手术、可逆、有效，且不应改变雄激素水平或性欲。几种非甾体分子和疫苗正在动物模型中进行男性避孕研究。
男性激素避孕在不久的将来可能成为现实。包括针对各种分子的避孕疫苗在内的非甾体方法是一个令人兴奋的提议，正在研究中。
