Arndt Jamie, Cox Cathy R, Goldenberg Jamie L, Vess Matthew, Routledge Clay, Cooper Douglas P, Cohen Florette
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Jun;96(6):1191-205. doi: 10.1037/a0015182.
In 4 studies, the role of extrinsic esteem contingencies in adjusting to shifting health-relevant standards when managing existential fears was examined. Study 1 demonstrated that after reminders of death, higher dispositional focus on extrinsic self-esteem contingencies predicted greater interest in tanning. Using a more domain-specific approach, Study 2 showed that, after being reminded of death, the more individuals smoke for social esteem reasons, the more compelling they find an antismoking commercial that exposes adverse social consequences of smoking. Study 3 explored how situational factors (i.e., priming a contingent relational schema) that implicate extrinsic contingencies facilitated the impact of shifting standard primes on tanning intentions after mortality salience. Finally, Study 4 found that mortality salience led to increased endorsement of exercise as a basis of self-worth when participants who derive self-esteem from extrinsic sources visualized someone who exercises. Together, these studies demonstrate that reminders of death interact with prevalent social standards to influence everyday health decisions.
在4项研究中，我们考察了外在自尊应急因素在应对生存恐惧时，调整与健康相关的转变标准中的作用。研究1表明，在死亡提醒后，更高的对外部自尊应急因素的特质性关注预示着对晒黑有更大兴趣。采用更具领域特异性的方法，研究2表明，在被提醒死亡后，个体出于社会自尊原因吸烟越多，他们就越觉得一则揭示吸烟不良社会后果的反吸烟广告有说服力。研究3探讨了涉及外在应急因素的情境因素（即启动一个偶然关系图式）如何在死亡凸显后促进转变标准启动对晒黑意图的影响。最后，研究4发现，当从外部来源获得自尊的参与者想象一个锻炼的人时，死亡凸显会导致对将锻炼作为自我价值基础的认可度增加。总之，这些研究表明，死亡提醒与普遍的社会标准相互作用，以影响日常健康决策。
