González-Galarzo M Carmen, García Ana M, Estarlich Marisa, García García Francisco, Esplugues Ana, Rodríguez Paz, Rebagliato Marisa, Ballester Ferran
CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
Gac Sanit. 2009 Sep-Oct;23(5):420-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2009.01.008. Epub 2009 May 28.
To describe the prevalence of exposure to occupational risks among pregnant women and analyze its relationship with personal and occupational characteristics using information collected in the Childhood and Environment (Infancia y Medio Ambiente [INMA])-Valencia cohort study.
The INMA-Valencia cohort study started in 2004 with 855 pregnant women living in Valencia, Spain. Data on sociodemographic variables (age, education and country of birth) and occupational conditions (activity, occupation, type of contract, working hours and self-reported occupational exposure to physical load and psychosocial, physical, chemical and biological risks) in women with paid employment during pregnancy (n=649) were collected through face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire in week 32 of pregnancy.
The prevalences of reported exposure to physical and psychosocial load and to physical pollutants (including non-ionizing radiations) were 56%, 63% and 62%, respectively. The prevalence of reported exposure to chemicals (including cleaning products) and biological pollutants was 22% and 6%, respectively. In general, the characteristics most closely associated with exposure to occupational risks were younger age, non-Spanish nationality, lower education, having a temporary contract or being self-employed.
This study is the first to quantify the prevalence of exposure to occupational risks during pregnancy in a Spanish population-based sample. According to the data observed, surveillance and control actions should be intensified in pregnant workers, as some of the observed occupational exposures have been consistently associated with detrimental reproductive and developmental effects.
利用儿童与环境（Infancia y Medio Ambiente [INMA]）-瓦伦西亚队列研究中收集的信息，描述孕妇职业风险暴露的患病率，并分析其与个人及职业特征的关系。
INMA-瓦伦西亚队列研究始于2004年，纳入了855名居住在西班牙瓦伦西亚的孕妇。通过在妊娠第32周使用结构化问卷进行面对面访谈，收集了孕期有有偿工作的女性（n = 649）的社会人口统计学变量（年龄、教育程度和出生国家）及职业状况（活动、职业、合同类型、工作时间以及自我报告的职业性身体负荷暴露和心理社会、身体、化学和生物风险）数据。
报告的身体和心理社会负荷暴露以及物理污染物（包括非电离辐射）暴露的患病率分别为56%、63%和62%。报告的化学物质（包括清洁产品）和生物污染物暴露的患病率分别为22%和6%。总体而言，与职业风险暴露最密切相关的特征是年龄较小、非西班牙国籍、教育程度较低、持有临时合同或为个体经营者。
本研究首次对西班牙基于人群的样本中孕期职业风险暴露的患病率进行了量化。根据观察到的数据，应加强对怀孕工人的监测和控制措施，因为一些观察到的职业暴露一直与有害的生殖和发育影响相关。
