CISAL, Research Centre in Occupational Health, Parc Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Ethn Health. 2012;17(6):563-77. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2012.730606.
To determine migrant workers' exposure to select occupational risks and compare it with that of non-migrant workers in Europe.
Based on the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS-2005, n=29,654 workers, 31 countries) we examined differential prevalence amongst migrant and non-migrant workers' primary paid jobs in terms of employment arrangements (working >10 hours/day, working >5 days/week, on Sundays, without a contract, changes in the work schedule and not free to decide when to take holidays or days off) and working conditions (exposure to hazards including chemical, physical agents, physical load and psychological conditions). For the purpose of this study, a migrant is defined as a person without nationality of the country of residence (n=926). Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for age, economic sector and education were calculated.
Differences in employment arrangements and working conditions were noted by migration status, gender and occupational status. Among non-manual workers, migrant males are more exposed than non-migrant males to negative psychosocial conditions--working at a very high speed (aPR 1.23; 95% CI 1.07-1.42) and shift work (aPR 1.66; 95% CI 1.27-2.17)--and adverse employment arrangements: working on Sundays (aPR 1.91; 95% CI 1.42-2.55), variable starting/finishing times (aPR 1.17; 95% CI 1.04-1.32) and changes in work schedule (aPR 1.56; 95% CI 1.30-1.88). Compared with non-migrant males, male migrant manual workers are the group with a greater number of disparities in terms of exposure to negative working conditions. Female migrant non-manual workers are more exposed to psychosocial conditions - working at very high speed (aPR 1.26; 95% CI 1.10-1.44) and shift work (aPR 1.61; 95% CI 1.29-2.01) while female manual migrant workers were more likely to report standing or walking (aPR 2.43; 95% CI 1.98-2.97), not having a contract (aPR 2.94; 95% CI 2.07-4.10) and not being free to decide days off and holidays (aPR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07-1.48) than non-migrants.
Migrant workers across Europe are more likely to be exposed to certain working and employment arrangements that may place them at higher risk of future health problems.
确定移民工人接触特定职业风险的情况，并与欧洲非移民工人进行比较。
基于欧洲工作条件调查（EWCS-2005，n=29654 名工人，31 个国家），我们研究了移民工人和非移民工人在主要有薪工作中的差异，包括就业安排（每天工作>10 小时、每周工作>5 天、周日工作、无合同、工作时间表变化和不能自由决定何时休假或休息日）和工作条件（接触危害，包括化学、物理因素、体力负荷和心理条件）。在本研究中，移民是指没有居住国国籍的人（n=926）。针对年龄、经济部门和教育情况，计算了调整后的患病率比（aPR）。
按移民身份、性别和职业地位，注意到就业安排和工作条件的差异。在非体力劳动者中，与非移民男性相比，男性移民工人更易受到负面心理社会条件的影响，例如工作速度极快（aPR 1.23；95%置信区间 1.07-1.42）和轮班工作（aPR 1.66；95%置信区间 1.27-2.17），以及不利的就业安排：周日工作（aPR 1.91；95%置信区间 1.42-2.55）、可变的开始/结束时间（aPR 1.17；95%置信区间 1.04-1.32）和工作时间表变化（aPR 1.56；95%置信区间 1.30-1.88）。与非移民男性相比，男性移民体力劳动者在接触负面工作条件方面存在更多差异。女性移民非体力劳动者更易受到心理社会条件的影响，例如工作速度极快（aPR 1.26；95%置信区间 1.10-1.44）和轮班工作（aPR 1.61；95%置信区间 1.29-2.01），而女性移民体力劳动者更有可能报告站立或行走（aPR 2.43；95%置信区间 1.98-2.97）、没有合同（aPR 2.94；95%置信区间 2.07-4.10）和不能自由决定休息日和假期（aPR 1.25；95%置信区间 1.07-1.48），而非移民。
欧洲各地的移民工人更有可能接触到某些工作和就业安排，这可能使他们面临未来健康问题的更高风险。
