Meeks Suzanne, Shah Shruti N, Ramsey Sarah K
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States.
Aging Ment Health. 2009 May;13(3):445-55. doi: 10.1080/13607860802534617.
Behavioral interventions for depression emphasize increasing engagement in pleasant events, requiring reliable and valid assessment of events. Versions of the Pleasant Events Schedule (PES) have been developed for this purpose. Although depression is prevalent in nursing homes, no PES version is yet available specifically for this setting, where access to pleasant events is circumscribed. Our goal was to develop and evaluate a nursing home version of the PES.
We developed the PES-NH on two samples of nursing home residents. We first sampled activity frequency and pleasantness for 10 residents of a large, urban facility. Using these pilot data and PES-Alzheimer's Disease items, we interviewed 37 more residents from the same facility, yielding a comprehensive list of events that residents find pleasant. From the second sample of 48 residents, we present normative and psychometric data on the new scale.
A 30-item inventory was able to cover the content of daily activities available in nursing homes. Scales derived from these items were internally consistent and reliable over time. Frequency of event participation was related to perceptions of quality of life, depression and positive affect independent of the overall tendency to rate events as pleasantness. Event participation was unrelated to negative affect, suggesting that activity engagement is linked to depression through its impact on positive affect.
Data from this study provide base rate information for planning pleasant event interventions in nursing homes. The PES-NH is a useful and valid tool for implementing behavioral interventions for depression in these settings.
针对抑郁症的行为干预强调增加参与愉快事件的频率，这需要对事件进行可靠且有效的评估。为此已开发出多个版本的愉快事件日程表（PES）。尽管抑郁症在养老院中很普遍，但尚无专门针对这种环境的PES版本，因为在养老院中获得愉快事件的机会有限。我们的目标是开发并评估一个养老院版的PES。
我们基于养老院居民的两个样本开发了PES-NH。我们首先对一家大型城市养老院的10名居民的活动频率和愉悦度进行了抽样。利用这些试点数据和PES-阿尔茨海默病项目，我们又采访了同一家养老院的37名居民，得出了一份居民认为愉快的事件的综合清单。从48名居民的第二个样本中，我们给出了新量表的常模和心理测量数据。
一个包含30个条目的量表能够涵盖养老院日常活动的内容。从这些条目中得出的量表在内部是一致的，并且随时间推移是可靠的。事件参与频率与生活质量、抑郁和积极情绪的感知相关，与将事件评为愉悦度的总体倾向无关。事件参与与消极情绪无关，这表明活动参与通过其对积极情绪的影响与抑郁相关。
本研究的数据为规划养老院愉快事件干预提供了基础率信息。PES-NH是在这些环境中实施抑郁症行为干预的一个有用且有效的工具。
