Wagner Janice D, Jorgensen Matthew J, Cline J Mark, Lees Cynthia J, Franke Adrian A, Zhang Li, Ayers Melissa R, Schultz Carrie, Kaplan Jay R
Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040, USA.
Am J Primatol. 2009 Sep;71(9):802-11. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20716.
Nutritional interventions are important for reducing obesity and related conditions. Soy is a good source of protein and also contains isoflavones that may affect plasma lipids, body weight, and insulin action. Described here are data from a monkey breeding colony in which monkeys were initially fed a standard chow diet that is low fat with protein derived from soy. Monkeys were then randomized to a defined diet with a fat content similar to the typical American diet (TAD) containing either protein derived from soy (TAD soy) or casein-lactalbumin (TAD casein). The colony was followed for over two years to assess body weight, and carbohydrate and lipid measures in adult females (n=19) and their offspring (n=25). Serum isoflavone concentrations were higher with TAD soy than TAD casein, but not as high as when monkey chow was fed. Offspring consuming TAD soy had higher serum isoflavone concentrations than adults consuming TAD soy. Female monkeys consuming TAD soy had better glycemic control, as determined by fructosamine concentrations, but no differences in lipids or body weight compared with those consuming diets with TAD casein. Offspring born to dams consuming TAD soy had similar body weights at birth but over a two-year period weighed significantly less, had significantly lower triglyceride concentrations, and like adult females, had significantly lower fructosamine concentrations compared to TAD casein. Glucose tolerance tests in adult females were not significantly different with diet, but offspring eating TAD soy had increased glucose disappearance with overall lower glucose and insulin responses to the glucose challenge compared with TAD casein. Potential reasons for the additional benefits of TAD soy observed in offspring but not in adults may be related to higher serum isoflavone concentrations in offspring, presence of the diet differences throughout more of their lifespan (including gestation), or different tissue susceptibilities in younger animals.
营养干预对于减轻肥胖及相关病症很重要。大豆是优质蛋白质来源，还含有可能影响血脂、体重和胰岛素作用的异黄酮。本文介绍了一个猴子繁殖群体的数据，其中猴子最初喂食的是低脂标准猴粮，蛋白质来源于大豆。然后将猴子随机分为两种特定饮食组，脂肪含量与典型美国饮食（TAD）相似，一种饮食中的蛋白质来源于大豆（TAD大豆组），另一种饮食中的蛋白质来源于酪蛋白 - 乳白蛋白（TAD酪蛋白组）。对该群体进行了两年多的跟踪，以评估成年雌性猴子（n = 19）及其后代（n = 25）的体重、碳水化合物和脂质指标。TAD大豆组的血清异黄酮浓度高于TAD酪蛋白组，但低于喂食猴粮时的浓度。食用TAD大豆组的后代血清异黄酮浓度高于食用TAD大豆组的成年猴子。通过果糖胺浓度测定，食用TAD大豆组的雌性猴子血糖控制更好，但与食用TAD酪蛋白饮食的猴子相比，血脂和体重没有差异。食用TAD大豆组的母猴所生后代出生时体重相似，但在两年期间体重显著减轻，甘油三酯浓度显著降低，并且与TAD酪蛋白组相比，与成年雌性猴子一样，果糖胺浓度显著降低。成年雌性猴子的葡萄糖耐量试验在不同饮食组之间没有显著差异，但与TAD酪蛋白组相比，食用TAD大豆组的后代葡萄糖消失增加，对葡萄糖挑战的总体葡萄糖和胰岛素反应较低。在后代而非成年猴子中观察到TAD大豆组额外益处的潜在原因可能与后代较高的血清异黄酮浓度、在其更多生命阶段（包括妊娠期）存在饮食差异或幼龄动物不同的组织易感性有关。
