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气候、季节和社会地位调节着一种高效潜行捕食者——欧亚猞猁的功能反应。

Climate, season, and social status modulate the functional response of an efficient stalking predator: the Eurasian lynx.

作者信息

Nilsen Erlend B, Linnell John D C, Odden John, Andersen Reidar

机构信息

Faculty of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Hedmark University College, Evenstad, NO-2480 Koppang, Norway.

出版信息

J Anim Ecol. 2009 Jul;78(4):741-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01547.x. Epub 2009 Mar 31.

Abstract
  1. Predation plays a major role in shaping the structure and dynamics of ecological communities, and the functional response of a predator is of crucial importance to the dynamics of any predator-prey system by linking the trophic levels. For large mammals, there is a dearth of field studies documenting functional responses, and observations at low prey density are particularly scarce. Furthermore, there is a lack of understanding about how variables such as season, social status and climate modulate the functional response curves. 2. We analysed kill rate data collected over a 10-year period based on radio-marked lynx (Lynx lynx) mainly preying on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) along a steep prey density gradient in south-eastern Norway. 3. The asymptotic kill rate was reached at a very low prey density for both solitary individuals and family groups (i.e. females with their dependent kittens), indicative of an efficient predator. This highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between predator and prey at low prey densities. 4. A purely prey-dependent functional response was a poor descriptor of the data, as the curve was strongly modulated by season and differences between lynx of different social status. In addition, there was a clear effect of abiotic climatic factors (indexed by the North Atlantic Oscillation) on observed kill rates in the more snow-rich portion of our study area. 5. Our analysis suggests that simple functional response curves might be poor descriptors of predator consumption rates in complex natural system, and that auxiliary factors are likely to induce complexity into any predator-prey systems that would not be captured by simple deterministic approaches.
摘要
  1. 捕食在塑造生态群落的结构和动态中起着重要作用,捕食者的功能反应通过连接营养级对任何捕食者 - 猎物系统的动态至关重要。对于大型哺乳动物,缺乏记录功能反应的实地研究,而且在低猎物密度下的观察尤其稀少。此外,对于季节、社会地位和气候等变量如何调节功能反应曲线缺乏了解。2. 我们分析了基于无线电标记的猞猁(猞猁属猞猁)在挪威东南部沿着陡峭的猎物密度梯度主要捕食狍(狍属狍)的10年期间收集的捕杀率数据。3. 独居个体和家庭群体(即带着依赖它们的幼崽的雌性)在非常低的猎物密度下就达到了渐近捕杀率,这表明是一种高效的捕食者。这突出了在低猎物密度下理解捕食者与猎物之间相互作用的重要性。4. 纯粹依赖猎物的功能反应并不能很好地描述这些数据,因为该曲线受到季节以及不同社会地位的猞猁之间差异的强烈调节。此外,在我们研究区域积雪较多的部分,非生物气候因素(以北大西洋涛动为指标)对观察到的捕杀率有明显影响。5. 我们的分析表明,简单的功能反应曲线可能无法很好地描述复杂自然系统中捕食者的消耗率,而且辅助因素可能会给任何捕食者 - 猎物系统带来复杂性,而这种复杂性是简单的确定性方法无法捕捉到的。

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