Gjerstad L, Kerty E, Nyberg-Hansen R
Nevrologisk avdeling, Rikshospitalet, Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1991 Sep 10;111(21):2637-9.
Focal dystonia and hemifacial spasms are difficult to treat. Medication and surgery may suppress the dystonic movements but the improvement is not satisfactory. The present article reviews use of Botulinum toxin in cases of focal dystonia. Injections of very small doses of Botulinum A toxin into the affected muscles is a new and efficient therapy for patients with focal dystonia. The toxin acts by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from the nerve terminal, leading to a localized paralysis of the treated muscle. The effect is temporary and gradually diminishes, but the treatment can be repeated. The use of Botulinum toxin must be applied on the basis of a thorough knowledge of its effect and possible side effects.
局灶性肌张力障碍和半面痉挛难以治疗。药物和手术可能会抑制肌张力障碍性运动，但改善效果并不令人满意。本文综述了肉毒杆菌毒素在局灶性肌张力障碍病例中的应用。向受影响的肌肉注射极少量的A型肉毒杆菌毒素是治疗局灶性肌张力障碍患者的一种新的有效疗法。该毒素通过抑制神经末梢乙酰胆碱的释放起作用，导致治疗的肌肉局部麻痹。效果是暂时的，会逐渐减弱，但治疗可以重复进行。肉毒杆菌毒素的使用必须基于对其作用和可能的副作用的全面了解。
