Yoshihara Akihiro, Watanabe Reiko, Hanada Nobuhiro, Miyazaki Hideo
Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Gerodontology. 2009 Jun;26(2):130-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2008.00244.x.
We hypothesise that a difference in nutrition influences dental caries and periodontal disease. There are few previous studies especially longitudinal ones which have evaluated this hypothesis. This study investigated the relationship between nutritional intake, including milk and milk products (MMP), and dental disease, controlling for several confounding factors.
A group of 600 subjects aged 70, randomly selected for this study, included approximately the same number of male and female subjects. The number of teeth on which root caries had occurred or where there was a periodontal event over a 6-year period was measured. To determine quantitative food intake at baseline, a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used during face-to-face interviews by dieticians. The stepwise method of multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of the number of root caries or periodontal disease events during the 6 years. Intake of the six food groups includes (i) fish, shellfish, meat, beans and eggs; (ii) MMP; (iii) dark green and yellow vegetables (DYV); (iv) other vegetables and fruits; (v) cereals, nuts and seeds, sugar and sweeteners, confectioneries (CNSC) and (vi) fats and oils. The alcohol, gender and anthropometric evaluation including measurements of weight and height for the calculation of body mass index, educational level, the number of family members and the number of remaining teeth were used as independent variables.
According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, two variables (quantity of MMP, and gender) were negatively associated with the number of root caries events during the 6 years. The standardised coefficients were -0.14 (p = 0.035) and -0.17 (p = 0.007) respectively. In addition, DYV were negatively, and three other variables (CNSC; alcohol; and the number of remaining teeth at baseline) were positively associated with the number of periodontal disease events during the 6 years. The standardised coefficients were -0.16 (p = 0.001), 0.11 (p = 0.042), 0.10 (p = 0.041) and 0.58 (p < 0.001) respectively.
Our results suggest that the intake of MMP in this elderly population correlated with root caries events. In addition, intake of vegetables negatively correlated, and intake of 'CNSC' positively correlated with periodontal disease events.
我们假设营养差异会影响龋齿和牙周疾病。此前很少有研究，尤其是纵向研究对这一假设进行评估。本研究调查了包括牛奶和奶制品（MMP）在内的营养摄入与牙齿疾病之间的关系，并控制了几个混杂因素。
本研究随机选取了一组600名70岁的受试者，男女受试者数量大致相同。测量了在6年期间发生根龋或出现牙周问题的牙齿数量。为了确定基线时的食物摄入量，营养师在面对面访谈中使用了半定量食物频率问卷。采用逐步多元线性回归分析方法，确定6年期间根龋或牙周疾病事件数量的独立预测因素。六种食物组的摄入量包括：（i）鱼、贝类、肉、豆类和蛋类；（ii）MMP；（iii）深绿色和黄色蔬菜（DYV）；（iv）其他蔬菜和水果；（v）谷物、坚果和种子、糖和甜味剂、糖果（CNSC）；以及（vi）油脂。将酒精、性别和人体测量评估（包括测量体重和身高以计算体重指数）、教育水平、家庭成员数量和剩余牙齿数量用作自变量。
根据逐步多元回归分析，两个变量（MMP的摄入量和性别）与6年期间根龋事件的数量呈负相关。标准化系数分别为-0.14（p = 0.035）和-0.17（p = 0.007）。此外，DYV与6年期间牙周疾病事件的数量呈负相关，其他三个变量（CNSC；酒精；以及基线时的剩余牙齿数量）与牙周疾病事件的数量呈正相关。标准化系数分别为-0.16（p = 0.001）、0.11（p = 0.042）、0.10（p = 0.041）和0.58（p < 0.001）。
我们的结果表明，该老年人群中MMP的摄入量与根龋事件相关。此外，蔬菜摄入量与牙周疾病事件呈负相关，“CNSC”的摄入量与牙周疾病事件呈正相关。
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