人为可靠性分析（HRA）在预防饮用水事件和确保安全饮用水方面的作用。

A role for human reliability analysis (HRA) in preventing drinking water incidents and securing safe drinking water.

作者信息

Wu Shaomin, Hrudey Steve, French Simon, Bedford Tim, Soane Emma, Pollard Simon

机构信息

Cranfield University, Centre for Water Science, School of Applied Sciences, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.

出版信息

Water Res. 2009 Jul;43(13):3227-38. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.04.040. Epub 2009 May 5.

DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2009.04.040

PMID:19493557

Abstract

The prevalence of water quality incidents and disease outbreaks suggests an imperative to analyse and understand the roles of operators and organisations in the water supply system. One means considered in this paper is through human reliability analysis (HRA). We classify the human errors contributing to 62 drinking water accidents occurring in affluent countries from 1974 to 2001; define the lifecycle of these incidents; and adapt Reason's 'Swiss cheese' model for drinking water safety. We discuss the role of HRA in human error reduction and drinking water safety and propose a future research agenda for human error reduction in the water sector.

摘要

水质事故和疾病暴发的普遍存在表明，必须分析和了解供水系统中操作人员和组织的作用。本文考虑的一种方法是通过人因可靠性分析（HRA）。我们对1974年至2001年期间富裕国家发生的62起饮用水事故中的人为错误进行了分类；定义了这些事故的生命周期；并将瑞森的“瑞士奶酪”模型应用于饮用水安全领域。我们讨论了人因可靠性分析在减少人为错误和饮用水安全方面的作用，并提出了未来在水行业减少人为错误的研究议程。