Sun F, Chen J, Tong Q, Zeng S
Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Water Sci Technol. 2007;56(6):47-56. doi: 10.2166/wst.2007.583.
Management of drinking water safety is changing towards an integrated risk assessment and risk management approach that includes all processes in a water supply system from catchment to consumers. However, given the large number of water supply systems in China and the cost of implementing such a risk assessment procedure, there is a necessity to first conduct a strategic screening analysis at a national level. An integrated methodology of risk assessment and screening analysis is thus proposed to evaluate drinking water safety of a conventional water supply system. The violation probability, indicating drinking water safety, is estimated at different locations of a water supply system in terms of permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, turbidity, residual chlorine and trihalomethanes. Critical parameters with respect to drinking water safety are then identified, based on which an index system is developed to prioritize conventional water supply systems in implementing a detailed risk assessment procedure. The evaluation results are represented as graphic check matrices for the concerned hazards in drinking water, from which the vulnerability of a conventional water supply system is characterized.
饮用水安全管理正朝着综合风险评估和风险管理方法转变，这种方法涵盖了从集水区到消费者的供水系统中的所有流程。然而，鉴于中国供水系统数量众多以及实施此类风险评估程序的成本，有必要首先在国家层面进行战略筛选分析。因此，提出了一种综合风险评估和筛选分析方法，以评估常规供水系统的饮用水安全。根据高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、浊度、余氯和三卤甲烷，在供水系统的不同位置估算表明饮用水安全的违规概率。然后确定与饮用水安全相关的关键参数，并在此基础上建立一个指标体系，以便在实施详细风险评估程序时对常规供水系统进行优先级排序。评估结果以饮用水中相关危害的图形检查矩阵表示，从中可以描述常规供水系统的脆弱性。
