Noti Mario, Sidler Daniel, Brunner Thomas
Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Semin Immunopathol. 2009 Jul;31(2):237-48. doi: 10.1007/s00281-009-0159-2. Epub 2009 Jun 3.
Glucocorticoids (GC) are lipophilic hormones commonly used as therapeutics in acute and chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease due to their attributed anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions. Although the adrenal glands are the major source of endogenous GC, there is increasing evidence for the production of extra-adrenal GC in the brain, thymus, skin, vasculature, and the intestine. However, the physiological relevance of extra-adrenal-produced GC remains still ambiguous. Therefore, this review attracts attention to discuss possible biological benefits of extra-adrenal-synthesized GC, especially focusing on the impact of locally synthesized GC in the regulation of intestinal immune responses.
糖皮质激素（GC）是亲脂性激素，由于其具有抗炎和免疫抑制作用，常用于治疗急性和慢性炎症性疾病，如炎症性肠病。虽然肾上腺是内源性GC的主要来源，但越来越多的证据表明，大脑、胸腺、皮肤、血管和肠道中也能产生肾上腺外GC。然而，肾上腺外产生的GC的生理相关性仍不明确。因此，本综述旨在探讨肾上腺外合成GC可能带来的生物学益处，尤其关注局部合成的GC对肠道免疫反应调节的影响。
