肠道黏膜中的肾上腺外糖皮质激素合成：在免疫稳态和免疫逃逸之间。

Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

Front Immunol. 2019 Jun 25;10:1438. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01438. eCollection 2019.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones predominantly produced in the adrenal glands in response to physiological cues and stress. Adrenal GCs mediate potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions. Accumulating evidence in the past two decades has demonstrated other extra-adrenal organs and tissues capable of synthesizing GCs. This review discusses the role and regulation of GC synthesis in the intestinal epithelium in the regulation of normal immune homeostasis, inflammatory diseases of the intestinal mucosa, and the development of intestinal tumors.

糖皮质激素（GCs）是主要由肾上腺在生理刺激和应激反应下产生的甾体激素。肾上腺 GCs 具有强大的抗炎和免疫抑制功能。在过去的二十年中，越来越多的证据表明其他肾上腺外器官和组织也能够合成 GCs。本综述讨论了肠道上皮细胞中 GC 合成在调节正常免疫稳态、肠道黏膜炎症性疾病和肠道肿瘤发展中的作用和调控机制。