Gardner Toby A, Barlow Jos, Chazdon Robin, Ewers Robert M, Harvey Celia A, Peres Carlos A, Sodhi Navjot S
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. mail:
Ecol Lett. 2009 Jun;12(6):561-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01294.x.
The future of tropical forest biodiversity depends more than ever on the effective management of human-modified landscapes, presenting a daunting challenge to conservation practitioners and land use managers. We provide a critical synthesis of the scientific insights that guide our understanding of patterns and processes underpinning forest biodiversity in the human-modified tropics, and present a conceptual framework that integrates a broad range of social and ecological factors that define and contextualize the possible future of tropical forest species. A growing body of research demonstrates that spatial and temporal patterns of biodiversity are the dynamic product of interacting historical and contemporary human and ecological processes. These processes vary radically in their relative importance within and among regions, and have effects that may take years to become fully manifest. Interpreting biodiversity research findings is frequently made difficult by constrained study designs, low congruence in species responses to disturbance, shifting baselines and an over-dependence on comparative inferences from a small number of well studied localities. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the potential prospects for biodiversity conservation can be explained by regional differences in biotic vulnerability and anthropogenic legacies, an ever-tighter coupling of human-ecological systems and the influence of global environmental change. These differences provide both challenges and opportunities for biodiversity conservation. Building upon our synthesis we outline a simple adaptive-landscape planning framework that can help guide a new research agenda to enhance biodiversity conservation prospects in the human-modified tropics.
热带森林生物多样性的未来比以往任何时候都更依赖于对人类改造景观的有效管理，这给保护从业者和土地利用管理者带来了艰巨挑战。我们对科学见解进行了批判性综合，这些见解有助于我们理解人类改造后的热带地区森林生物多样性的模式和过程，并提出了一个概念框架，该框架整合了广泛的社会和生态因素，这些因素界定并诠释了热带森林物种可能的未来。越来越多的研究表明，生物多样性的时空模式是历史和当代人类与生态过程相互作用的动态产物。这些过程在不同区域内和区域间的相对重要性差异极大，其影响可能需要数年时间才能完全显现。研究设计受限、物种对干扰的反应缺乏一致性、基线变化以及过度依赖少数深入研究地区的比较推断，常常使解读生物多样性研究结果变得困难。生物多样性保护潜在前景的时空异质性可由生物脆弱性和人为遗产的区域差异、人类生态系统日益紧密的耦合以及全球环境变化的影响来解释。这些差异既给生物多样性保护带来挑战，也带来机遇。基于我们的综合分析，我们概述了一个简单的适应性景观规划框架，该框架可帮助指导一项新的研究议程，以提高人类改造后的热带地区生物多样性保护的前景。
