Hanevold Coral D
University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Seattle Childrens Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Mailstop A-7931, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2009 Jun;7(6):647-57. doi: 10.1586/erc.09.44.
Increasing attention has been focused on identifying children with prehypertension and hypertension (HTN). Obesity and low birthweight are two risk factors that predispose children to develop HTN during their childhood years or later as adults. Early onset of pre-HTN and HTN increases the lifetime risk for cardiovascular sequelae. Lifestyle modification should be part of the initial recommendations for management of all hypertensive children. In those children requiring pharmacologic therapy, the choice of medication should be guided by the etiology of HTN, the needs of the child and the risk and benefit profiles of the various drug classes. The long-term impact of antihypertensive therapy in children is not known. Concerns regarding the effects of HTN and its treatment on cognitive function are of particular importance in the growing child and warrant further study. Ongoing investigations that offer promise for innovative therapeutic approaches in the future are discussed.
越来越多的注意力集中在识别患有高血压前期和高血压（HTN）的儿童上。肥胖和低出生体重是使儿童在童年时期或成年后易患高血压的两个风险因素。高血压前期和高血压的早发会增加心血管后遗症的终生风险。生活方式的改变应成为所有高血压儿童初始管理建议的一部分。对于那些需要药物治疗的儿童，药物的选择应根据高血压的病因、儿童的需求以及各类药物的风险和益处来指导。儿童抗高血压治疗的长期影响尚不清楚。在成长中的儿童中，关于高血压及其治疗对认知功能影响的担忧尤为重要，值得进一步研究。本文还讨论了正在进行的有望在未来提供创新治疗方法的研究。
