Niwagaba C, Nalubega M, Vinnerås B, Sundberg C, Jönsson H
Department of Civil Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Environ Technol. 2009 Apr 14;30(5):487-97. doi: 10.1080/09593330902788236.
The composting of a faeces/ash mixture and food waste in relative proportions of 1:0, 1:1 and 1:3 was studied in three successive experiments conducted in Kampala, Uganda in 216 L reactors insulated with 75 mm styrofoam or not insulated. The faeces/ash mixture alone exceeded 50 degrees C for < or = 12 days in insulated reactors, but did not reach or maintain 50 degrees C in non-insulated reactors. Inclusion of food waste kept temperatures above 50 degrees C for over two weeks in insulated reactors except when the substrate was too wet. Escherichia coli and total coliform concentrations decreased below detection in material that exceeded 50 degrees C for at least six days. Enterococcus spp. decreased below detection in material that exceeded 50 degrees C for at least two weeks, but remained detectable after 1.5 months in material that exceeded 50 degrees C for less than two weeks, suggesting that a period of at least two weeks above 50 degrees C, combined with mixing, is needed to achieve sanitation. Initially substrates that were too wet proved a challenge to composting and ways of decreasing substrate moisture should be investigated. The results obtained are applicable to the management of small- to medium-scale composting of faeces/ash and food waste at household and institution levels, e.g. schools and restaurants.
2016年在乌干达坎帕拉进行了三个连续的实验，研究了粪便/灰烬混合物与食物垃圾以1:0、1:1和1:3的相对比例进行堆肥的情况，实验在216升的反应器中进行，部分反应器用75毫米的聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料隔热，部分未隔热。仅粪便/灰烬混合物在隔热反应器中温度超过50摄氏度的时间小于或等于12天，但在未隔热反应器中未达到或维持50摄氏度。除了底物过湿的情况外，加入食物垃圾后，隔热反应器中的温度在两周多的时间里保持在50摄氏度以上。在温度超过50摄氏度至少六天的物料中，大肠杆菌和总大肠菌群浓度降至检测限以下。在温度超过50摄氏度至少两周的物料中，肠球菌属浓度降至检测限以下，但在温度超过50摄氏度不到两周的物料中，1.5个月后仍可检测到，这表明需要至少两周50摄氏度以上的时间并结合混合才能实现卫生无害化。最初，过湿的底物对堆肥构成挑战，应研究降低底物湿度的方法。所得结果适用于家庭和机构层面（如学校和餐馆）粪便/灰烬与食物垃圾的中小规模堆肥管理。
