International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India.
Pollution, Ecotoxicology and Ecotechnology Research Unit, Department of Ecological Studies, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India.
Environ Geochem Health. 2017 Dec;39(6):1545-1561. doi: 10.1007/s10653-017-9942-5. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
Human urine (HU) is a biogenic fertilizer which has raised immense interest owing to its capacity of combining sanitation and nutrient recovery. In search of an alternative organic fertilizer for fish culture, the nutrient potential of HU was evaluated. Fries of Indian carps and larvae of freshwater prawn were reared for 120 days under six conditions: (a) aerated and (b) non-aerated fresh HU (0.01%), (c) cattle manure (CM; 1.8 kg tank), mixed treatment with CM and HU under (d) iso-phosphorus and (e) iso-nitrogenous condition and (f) control. Monitoring of water quality and biological parameters revealed that total fish yield was the highest in CM (621.5 g tank) followed by mixed treatments under iso-nitrogenous (428 g tank) and iso-phosphorus (333 g tank) conditions, aerated HU (321 g tank) and HU (319 g tank). The gross primary productivity (GPP) in HU was satisfactory (601.8 mg C m h) and superior to all but CM treatment. The abundance of heterotrophic bacteria (HB) was highest in CM and lowest in HU. Both GPP and HB population were correlated positively with fish yield per tank. Although pH in all treatments remained high (pH 8.4-8.9), no ammonia toxicity was observed. No E. coli infestation in any fish muscle was encountered. The concentrations of cadmium and lead in fish muscle were within respective safe level. The study established that high fertilizer potential of HU could be exploited as an alternative organic fertilizer or as a candidate to be blended with cattle manure.
人尿（HU）是一种生物肥料，由于其兼具卫生和养分回收的能力，因此引起了极大的关注。为了寻找一种替代鱼类养殖的有机肥料，评估了 HU 的养分潜力。在六种条件下，用印度鲤鱼的鱼苗和淡水虾的幼体进行了 120 天的养殖：（a）充气和（b）不充气的新鲜 HU（0.01%）、（c）牛粪（CM；1.8kg 箱）、在（d）等磷和（e）等氮条件下与 CM 和 HU 混合处理以及（f）对照。监测水质和生物参数表明，总鱼产量最高的是 CM（621.5g 箱），其次是等氮（428g 箱）和等磷（333g 箱）条件下的混合处理、充气 HU（321g 箱）和 HU（319g 箱）。HU 中的总初级生产力（GPP）令人满意（601.8mgC m h），除 CM 处理外，均优于其他处理。异养细菌（HB）的丰度在 CM 中最高，在 HU 中最低。每个水箱的鱼产量与 GPP 和 HB 种群均呈正相关。尽管所有处理中的 pH 值均保持较高（pH 8.4-8.9），但未观察到氨毒性。未在任何鱼类肌肉中发现大肠杆菌感染。鱼肌肉中的镉和铅浓度均在各自的安全范围内。该研究表明，HU 具有很高的肥料潜力，可以作为替代有机肥料或与牛粪混合的候选物加以利用。
