Kalisch Raffael
Institute for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009 Sep;33(8):1215-26. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.06.003. Epub 2009 Jun 17.
Humans can regulate their emotional states through a number of effortful cognitive strategies, a type of adaptive behavior not found in animals. The best studied strategy is reappraisal which consists in deliberately changing the emotional interpretation of a stimulus. Reappraisal modulates both subjective and physiological emotional response components and has long-term effects on well-being and mental health. Over the past few years, a rapidly growing neuroimaging literature has attempted to characterize the neural mechanisms that mediate reappraisal, but results have so far been relatively inconsistent. This article provides an overview of the current state of the field and presents a first formal quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging findings. It introduces a new model of the cognitive processes underlying reappraisal which builds on a conceptualization of reappraisal as a temporally extended, dynamic process and partitions reappraisal episodes into an early implementation and a later maintenance stage. In agreement with the model, preliminary evidence from parametric meta-analysis suggests the two stages are supported by distinct frontal networks. Hypotheses for further research are presented.
人类可以通过多种需要付出努力的认知策略来调节自己的情绪状态，这是一种动物所没有的适应性行为。研究得最透彻的策略是重新评价，即故意改变对刺激的情绪解读。重新评价会调节主观和生理情绪反应成分，并对幸福感和心理健康产生长期影响。在过去几年里，迅速增长的神经影像学文献试图描述介导重新评价的神经机制，但迄今为止结果相对不一致。本文概述了该领域的现状，并对神经影像学研究结果进行了首次正式的定量荟萃分析。它引入了一种重新评价背后认知过程的新模型，该模型基于将重新评价概念化为一个时间上延伸的动态过程，并将重新评价过程划分为早期实施阶段和后期维持阶段。与该模型一致，参数荟萃分析的初步证据表明，这两个阶段由不同的额叶网络支持。文中还提出了进一步研究的假设。
