医学研究中的研究类型：科学出版物评估系列之三
Types of study in medical research: part 3 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications.
作者信息
Röhrig Bernd, du Prel Jean-Baptist, Wachtlin Daniel, Blettner Maria
机构信息
MDK Rheinland-Pfalz Referat Rehabilitation/Biometrie Albiger Str. 19 d 55232 Alzey, Germany.
出版信息
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2009 Apr;106(15):262-8. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2009.0262. Epub 2009 Apr 10.
BACKGROUND
The choice of study type is an important aspect of the design of medical studies. The study design and consequent study type are major determinants of a study's scientific quality and clinical value.
METHODS
This article describes the structured classification of studies into two types, primary and secondary, as well as a further subclassification of studies of primary type. This is done on the basis of a selective literature search concerning study types in medical research, in addition to the authors' own experience.
RESULTS
Three main areas of medical research can be distinguished by study type: basic (experimental), clinical, and epidemiological research. Furthermore, clinical and epidemiological studies can be further subclassified as either interventional or noninterventional.
CONCLUSIONS
The study type that can best answer the particular research question at hand must be determined not only on a purely scientific basis, but also in view of the available financial resources, staffing, and practical feasibility (organization, medical prerequisites, number of patients, etc.).
背景
研究类型的选择是医学研究设计的一个重要方面。研究设计及随之而来的研究类型是一项研究的科学质量和临床价值的主要决定因素。
方法
本文将研究结构化分类为两种类型，即原发性和继发性，以及原发性研究的进一步细分。这是在对医学研究中的研究类型进行选择性文献检索的基础上，结合作者自身经验完成的。
结果
医学研究的三个主要领域可按研究类型区分：基础（实验性）、临床和流行病学研究。此外，临床和流行病学研究可进一步细分为干预性或非干预性。
结论
必须不仅基于纯粹的科学依据，还要考虑可用的资金资源、人员配备和实际可行性（组织、医学前提条件、患者数量等）来确定最能回答手头特定研究问题的研究类型。
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