Waldman Irwin D, Lilienfeld Scott O
Emory U, Atlanta, GA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991 Oct;59(5):732-738. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.59.5.732.
We examined the diagnostic efficiency of symptoms for experimentally diagnosed oppositional defiant disorder (OD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and for their differential diagnosis, in a nonreferred sample. More specifically, we used four conditional probability indices--positive predictive power, negative predictive power, sensitivity, and specificity--in an attempt to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of these symptoms. Teacher ratings of OD and ADHD symptoms were gathered on 102 boys, ages 8 to 12. On average, ADHD symptoms were as useful as OD symptoms as exclusion criteria for OD, while OD symptoms were nearly as effective as ADHD symptoms as inclusion criteria for ADHD. Nonetheless, a number of OD and ADHD symptoms appeared to be useful as both inclusion and exclusion criteria for their respective disorders. These findings illustrate the utility of conditional probability indices in both the diagnosis and differentiation of childhood disorders.
我们在一个非转诊样本中，研究了症状对实验诊断的对立违抗障碍（OD）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的诊断效率，以及对它们进行鉴别诊断的效率。更具体地说，我们使用了四个条件概率指标——阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性和特异性——来评估这些症状的诊断效率。我们收集了102名8至12岁男孩的OD和ADHD症状的教师评分。平均而言，作为OD的排除标准，ADHD症状与OD症状一样有用，而作为ADHD的纳入标准，OD症状几乎与ADHD症状一样有效。尽管如此，一些OD和ADHD症状似乎作为各自疾病的纳入和排除标准都很有用。这些发现说明了条件概率指标在儿童疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断中的作用。
