Canić Kornelija Spoler, Vidic Sonja, Klaić Zvjezdana Bencetić
Meteorological and Hydrological Service, Gric 3, Zagreb, Croatia.
J Environ Monit. 2009 Apr;11(4):839-51. doi: 10.1039/b816432k. Epub 2009 Jan 22.
The spatial, temporal changes and trends changes in precipitation chemistry in Croatia during the period 1981-2006 were analysed using data from 27 sampling sites. The origins of air masses that arrived over Croatia were evaluated by the sector analysis of two-dimensional back trajectories. The distribution per sector of the volume-weighted concentrations of the main ions (sulfate, nitrate, chloride, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium) and the pH were also inspected. The trend in the annual volume-weighted concentrations of the major ions in precipitation and pH was tested using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. The sulfate and nitrate ion concentrations significantly decreased for the majority of sites. The main decline of the sulfate ion concentration occurred after 1990. Changes in the anthropogenic sulfur emission patterns over Europe in the last two decades resulted in different acidity and sulfate ion concentrations related to a particular sector compared to earlier times. In addition, precipitation chemistry in Croatia was also influenced by geographical and climatological diversity. Finally, the war and post-war activities were identified as possible anthropogenic sources of some base cations, i.e., potassium and calcium.
利用来自27个采样点的数据，分析了1981 - 2006年期间克罗地亚降水化学的空间、时间变化及趋势变化。通过二维后向轨迹的扇区分析评估了抵达克罗地亚上空的气团来源。还检查了主要离子（硫酸根、硝酸根、氯离子、铵根、钙离子、镁离子、钠离子和钾离子）的体积加权浓度及pH值在各扇区的分布情况。使用非参数曼 - 肯德尔检验和森斜率估计器对降水中主要离子的年体积加权浓度及pH值的趋势进行了检验。大多数采样点的硫酸根和硝酸根离子浓度显著下降。硫酸根离子浓度的主要下降发生在1990年之后。过去二十年欧洲人为硫排放模式的变化导致与特定扇区相关的酸度和硫酸根离子浓度与早期相比有所不同。此外，克罗地亚的降水化学还受到地理和气候多样性的影响。最后，战争及战后活动被确定为一些碱金属阳离子（即钾和钙）可能的人为来源。
