Fumero A, Santamaría C, Navarrete G
Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Facultad de Psicología, Campus de Guajara, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, España.
Rev Neurol. 2009;49(1):8-12.
A large amount of current schizophrenia research has been centered on the understanding of its etiological mechanisms and the detection of vulnerability markers in people at risk. This vulnerability called schizotypy can be identified in people not affected by the illness at the clinical level.
To check if the schizotypic personality disorder as a vulnerability marker of the disorders in the schizophrenic spectrum predicts the presence of psychopathologic symptoms and alcohol and drugs intake.
From a population of 442 university students tested with the Schizotypy Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), it was selected a sample including people scoring on the 20% superior and inferior for the characteristic factors of schizophrenia corresponding to positive symptoms (cognitive-perceptual), negative symptoms (interpersonal) and thought disorder (disorganized). Furthermore, it was evaluated the presence of psychopathological problems and symptoms. Also, the participants gave information about alcohol and drugs intake as a passive coping strategy with stress.
Compared with the low scored, subjects with high scores in the schizotypic personality disorder showed a significant increase in the presence of psychopathological problems and symptoms and a higher alcohol and drugs intake. That occurs mainly when those scores are found in symptoms associated to thought disorder and negative symptoms as lack of interest in social activities and emotional flattening.
The schizotypic personality disorder, in accordance with its role as vulnerability factor, seems to co-occur with a higher volume of somatic and psychopathologic symptoms, and alcohol and drugs intake.
目前大量关于精神分裂症的研究集中在病因机制的理解以及对高危人群易感性标志物的检测上。这种被称为分裂型人格特质的易感性在临床层面上可以在未患病个体中被识别出来。
检验作为精神分裂症谱系障碍易感性标志物的分裂型人格障碍是否能预测精神病理症状以及酒精和药物的摄入情况。
从442名接受分裂型人格问卷（SPQ）测试的大学生群体中，选取了一个样本，该样本包括在精神分裂症特征因素（对应阳性症状（认知 - 感知）、阴性症状（人际）和思维紊乱（紊乱））得分处于前20%和后20%的人群。此外，评估了精神病理问题和症状的存在情况。同时，参与者提供了关于酒精和药物摄入作为应对压力的被动策略的信息。
与低分者相比，分裂型人格障碍高分者在精神病理问题和症状的存在以及酒精和药物摄入量方面显著增加。这种情况主要发生在与思维紊乱和阴性症状相关的得分中，如对社交活动缺乏兴趣和情感平淡。
分裂型人格障碍，与其作为易感性因素的作用一致，似乎与更多的躯体和精神病理症状以及酒精和药物摄入同时出现。
