Durmishidze Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tbilisi, Georgia.
J Biotechnol. 2009 Oct 12;144(1):37-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.06.020. Epub 2009 Jun 25.
This review integrates recent literature and our own data on the physiology of laccase and manganese peroxidase synthesis, focusing on the common characteristics and unique properties of individual fungi as well as on several approaches providing enhanced enzyme secretion. Firstly, the enzyme yield is species-dependent and strain-dependent and selection of new organisms with tremendous synthesis of these enzymes is possible. For example, in screening program the laccase activity of tested basidiomycetes varied from 0.5Uml(-1) to 75Uml(-1). Secondly, the carbon source and lignocellulosic substrate play a crucial role in enzyme production. Thus, laccase activity of Pseudotrametes gibbosa varied from 0.3Uml(-1) (Avicel) to 13.7Uml(-1) (lactose), while the substitution of wheat bran with walnut pericarp increased Cerrena unicolor manganese peroxidase yield from 0.7Uml(-1) to 8.3Uml(-1). Thirdly, aromatic compounds regulate the ligninolytic enzyme synthesis although their effect is very specific depending on fungi physiological peculiarities. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) supplemented to the medium at appropriate concentration significantly accelerated C. unicolor laccase production and 4-fold increased laccase specific activity. Fourthly, co-cultivation of appropriate fungi shows considerable promise as a strategy to highly enhance the enzyme production. For example, pairing of C. unicolor and Phellinus robustus 2-fold increased the total laccase yield.
这篇综述整合了近期关于漆酶和锰过氧化物酶合成的生理学的文献和我们自己的数据，重点关注了各个真菌的共同特征和独特性质，以及几种提高酶分泌的方法。首先，酶的产量取决于物种和菌株，并且有可能选择具有这些酶巨大合成能力的新生物体。例如，在筛选计划中，测试的担子菌的漆酶活性从 0.5Uml(-1)到 75Uml(-1)不等。其次，碳源和木质纤维素底物在酶生产中起着至关重要的作用。因此，假蜜环菌的漆酶活性从 0.3Uml(-1)（微晶纤维素）到 13.7Uml(-1)（乳糖）不等，而用核桃内果皮代替麦麸则使 Cerrena unicolor 锰过氧化物酶的产量从 0.7Uml(-1)增加到 8.3Uml(-1)。第三，芳香族化合物调节木质素酶的合成，尽管它们的作用非常具体，取决于真菌的生理特点。在适当浓度下补充到培养基中的 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）显著加速了 C. unicolor 漆酶的产生，并使漆酶比活性增加了 4 倍。第四，适当真菌的共培养显示出作为高度提高酶产量的策略具有很大的潜力。例如，将 C. unicolor 和 Phellinus robustus 配对可使总漆酶产量增加一倍。
