Cohen D B
Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1977 Jun;16(2):153-63. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1977.tb00211.x.
The value of a trait approach to sleep and dreaming characteristics is evaluated by reviewing recent research on differential patterns and interactions manifest by high and low neuroticism subjects. Differential patterning of dream content and REM sleep characteristics under positive and negative presleep conditions suggest a qualitative difference in experience and behavior, and a quantitative difference in "importance" attributable to the dreaming sleep process. It is hypothesized that, under "normal" conditions, low neuroticism individuals make more exclusive use of the dreaming period, while under "artificial" conditions, they demonstrate a greater motivation to compensate for restricted REM by intensification of the REM process (shortened REM onset latencies, greater REM rebound, intensified dream experiences). Finally, it is suggested that theories of dreaming sleep should recognize the importance of traits, as well as situational factors to the psychology of dreaming sleep.
通过回顾近期关于高神经质和低神经质受试者所表现出的差异模式及相互作用的研究，来评估特质方法在睡眠和做梦特征方面的价值。在正负睡前条件下，梦的内容和快速眼动睡眠特征的差异模式表明，体验和行为存在质的差异，以及归因于做梦睡眠过程的“重要性”存在量的差异。据推测，在“正常”条件下，低神经质个体更多地排他性利用做梦期，而在“人为”条件下，他们表现出更大的动机，通过强化快速眼动过程（缩短快速眼动起始潜伏期、更大的快速眼动反弹、强化的梦境体验）来补偿受限的快速眼动睡眠。最后，有人提出，做梦睡眠理论应认识到特质以及情境因素对做梦睡眠心理学的重要性。
