Environmental Geology Group, School of Geosciences, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Aug;167(1-4):333-48. doi: 10.1007/s10661-009-1053-z. Epub 2009 Jul 1.
Sydney estuary (Australia) catchment is substantially urbanised (80%) and small (480 km2) with a large population (2.5 million) and is therefore highly sensitive to anthropogenic influence. The Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualisation used to model nutrient export to the estuary determined an average annual load of 475 t total nitrogen, 63.5 t total phosphorus and 343,000 t total suspended solids. Model verification included intense, short-term water sampling and analysis undertaken in the current project and use of published data spanning 10 years. Under high-rainfall conditions (>50 mm day(-1)), the estuary becomes stratified and nutrients are either removed from the estuary directly in a plume or indirectly by advective/dispersive remobilisation. The majority of the nutrient load is delivered during moderate rainfall (5-50 mm day(-1)) conditions and accumulates close to discharge points and remains in the estuary. To significantly reduce nutrient load, management strategies should aim to minimise low and moderate rainfall pollutant loads.
悉尼河口（澳大利亚）流域的城市化程度很高（80%），面积较小（480 平方公里），人口众多（250 万），因此非常容易受到人为影响。用于模拟营养物质向河口输出的城市雨水改善概念模型确定了每年平均 475 吨总氮、63.5 吨总磷和 343000 吨总悬浮固体的负荷。模型验证包括在当前项目中进行的密集、短期的水质采样和分析，以及使用涵盖 10 年的已发表数据。在强降雨条件（>50 毫米/天）下，河口会分层，营养物质要么通过羽流直接从河口中去除，要么通过平流/弥散再迁移而间接去除。大部分养分负荷是在中等降雨（5-50 毫米/天）条件下输送的，并且在靠近排放点处积累，并滞留在河口内。为了显著减少养分负荷，管理策略应旨在尽量减少低强度和中等强度降雨的污染物负荷。
