Distefano Lindsay J, Blackburn J Troy, Marshall Stephen W, Padua Darin A
Departmento of Human Movemente Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009 Jul;39(7):532-40. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2009.2796.
Experimental laboratory study.
To quantify and compare electromyographic signal amplitude of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles during exercises of varying difficulty to determine which exercise most effectively recruits these muscles.
Gluteal muscle weakness has been proposed to be associated with lower extremity injury. Exercises to strengthen the gluteal muscles are frequently used in rehabilitation and injury prevention programs without scientific evidence regarding their ability to activate the targeted muscles.
Surface electromyography was used to quantify the activity level of the gluteal muscles in 21 healthy, physically active subjects while performing 12 exercises. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to compare normalized mean signal amplitude levels, expressed as a percent of a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), across exercises.
Significant differences in signal amplitude among exercises were noted for the gluteus medius (F5,90 = 7.9, P<.0001) and gluteus maximus (F5,95 = 8.1, P<.0001). Gluteus medius activity was significantly greater during side-lying hip abduction (mean +/- SD, 81% +/- 42% MVIC) compared to the 2 types of hip clam (40% +/- 38% MVIC, 38% +/- 29% MVIC), lunges (48% +/- 21% MVIC), and hop (48% +/- 25% MVIC) exercises. The single-limb squat and single-limb deadlift activated the gluteus medius (single-limb squat, 64% +/- 25% MVIC; single-limb deadlift, 59% +/- 25% MVIC) and maximus (single-limb squat, 59% +/- 27% MVIC; single-limb deadlift, 59% +/- 28% MVIC) similarly. The gluteus maximus activation during the single-limb squat and single-limb deadlift was significantly greater than during the lateral band walk (27% +/- 16% MVIC), hip clam (34% +/- 27% MVIC), and hop (forward, 35% +/- 22% MVIC; transverse, 35% +/- 16% MVIC) exercises.
The best exercise for the gluteus medius was side-lying hip abduction, while the single-limb squat and single-limb deadlift exercises led to the greatest activation of the gluteus maximus. These results provide information to the clinician about relative activation of the gluteal muscles during specific therapeutic exercises that can influence exercise progression and prescription. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009;39(7):532-540, Epub 24 February 2009. doi:10.2519/jospt.2009.2796.
实验性实验室研究。
量化并比较不同难度运动过程中臀大肌和臀中肌的肌电图信号幅度，以确定哪种运动能最有效地募集这些肌肉。
有人提出臀肌无力与下肢损伤有关。在康复和预防损伤计划中，经常使用加强臀肌的运动，但缺乏关于其激活目标肌肉能力的科学证据。
采用表面肌电图对21名健康、有体育锻炼习惯的受试者在进行12种运动时臀肌的活动水平进行量化。使用重复测量方差分析比较各运动中以最大自主等长收缩（MVIC）百分比表示的标准化平均信号幅度水平。
臀中肌（F5,90 = 7.9，P <.0001）和臀大肌（F5,95 = 8.1，P <.000）在各运动之间的信号幅度存在显著差异。与两种蚌式运动（40%±38% MVIC，38%±29% MVIC）、弓步蹲（48%±21% MVIC）和单腿跳（48%±25% MVIC）运动相比，侧卧位髋关节外展时臀中肌的活动明显更大（平均±标准差，81%±42% MVIC）。单腿深蹲和单腿硬拉对臀中肌（单腿深蹲，64%±25% MVIC；单腿硬拉，59%±25% MVIC）和臀大肌（单腿深蹲，59%±27% MVIC；单腿硬拉，59%±28% MVIC）的激活相似。单腿深蹲和单腿硬拉过程中臀大肌的激活明显大于侧带步行（27%±16% MVIC）、蚌式运动（34%±27% MVIC）和单腿跳（向前，35%±22% MVIC；横向，35%±16% MVIC）运动。
对臀中肌而言，最佳运动是侧卧位髋关节外展，而单腿深蹲和单腿硬拉运动能最大程度地激活臀大肌。这些结果为临床医生提供了有关特定治疗性运动过程中臀肌相对激活情况的信息，这可能会影响运动进展和处方。《矫形与运动物理治疗杂志》2009年；39(7):532 - 540，2009年2月24日在线发表。doi:10.2519/jospt.2009.2796 。
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