Jeong Jihwan, Park Ilbong
Department of Sports Health Convergence, Busan University of Foreign Studies, Busan 46234, Republic of Korea.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Jul 24;13(8):242. doi: 10.3390/sports13080242.
This study aimed to investigate how barbell type (elastic vs. inelastic) and lifting speed affect postural stability and lower limb muscle activation during the single-leg deadlift (SLDL), a common unilateral exercise in rehabilitation and performance training.
Twenty-seven healthy adults performed SLDLs using both elastic and inelastic barbells under three lifting speeds (normal, fast, and power). Center of pressure (COP) displacement in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions and electromyographic (EMG) activity of eight lower limb muscles were measured.
COP displacement was significantly lower when using elastic barbells (AP: F = 6.509, = 0.017, η = 0.200, ω = 0.164; ML: F = 9.996, = 0.004, η = 0.278, ω = 0.243). EMG activation was significantly higher for the gluteus medius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius (all < 0.01), especially under power conditions. Significant interactions between barbell type and speed were found for the gluteus medius (F = 13.737, < 0.001, η = 0.346, ω = 0.176), semitendinosus (F = 6.757, = 0.002, η = 0.206, ω = 0.080), and tibialis anterior (F = 3.617, = 0.034, η = 0.122, ω = 0.029).
The findings suggest that elastic barbells improve postural control and enhance neuromuscular activation during the SLDL, particularly at higher speeds. These results support the integration of elastic resistance in dynamic balance and injury prevention programs.
本研究旨在探讨杠铃类型（弹性与非弹性）和提升速度如何影响单腿硬拉（SLDL）过程中的姿势稳定性和下肢肌肉激活，单腿硬拉是康复和体能训练中常见的单侧运动。
27名健康成年人在三种提升速度（正常、快速和爆发力）下使用弹性和非弹性杠铃进行单腿硬拉。测量前后（AP）和内外侧（ML）方向的压力中心（COP）位移以及八块下肢肌肉的肌电图（EMG）活动。
使用弹性杠铃时，COP位移显著更低（AP：F = 6.509，P = 0.017，η = 0.200，ω = 0.164；ML：F = 9.996，P = 0.004，η = 0.278，ω = 0.243）。臀中肌、股二头肌、半腱肌和腓肠肌的EMG激活显著更高（均P < 0.01），尤其是在爆发力条件下。在臀中肌（F = 13.737，P < 0.001，η = 0.346，ω = 0.176）、半腱肌（F = 6.757，P = 0.002，η = 0.206，ω = 0.080）和胫骨前肌（F = 3.617，P = 0.034，η = 0.122，ω = 0.029）中发现杠铃类型和速度之间存在显著交互作用。
研究结果表明，弹性杠铃可改善单腿硬拉过程中的姿势控制并增强神经肌肉激活，尤其是在较高速度下。这些结果支持在动态平衡和损伤预防计划中纳入弹性阻力训练。
