Wang Joseph
Department of Nanoengineering, University California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448, USA.
Chemphyschem. 2009 Aug 3;10(11):1748-55. doi: 10.1002/cphc.200900377.
The unique properties of nanowires offer excellent prospects for designing a new generation of devices and systems exhibiting novel functions. This Review discusses recent scientific accomplishments in the preparation of nanowire-biomaterial hybrids and their potential applications as nanosensors, nanoactuators, and nanocarriers. Nanowires can be readily functionalized with various biochemicals through different linkage chemistries. Such integration of nanowires and biomolecules leads to novel hybrid systems which couple the recognition or catalytic properties of biomaterials with the attractive electronic and structural characteristics of nanowires. Receptor-functionalized nanowires are particularly attractive for direct real-time label-free electrical detection of biomolecular interactions. The unique control over the microstructure of nanowires, and particularly the design of multisegment nanowires, offer spatially defined regions for the defined organization of different biomolecules. This allows the resulting nanowires to perform several tasks simultaneously, and opens the door to a variety of important applications in the areas of nanobioelectronics and nanomedicine. For example, multisegment nanowires designed for nanomedicine applications can couple the selective targeting, therapy, and imaging functions. Such spatially defined anchoring of different biorecognition sites provides also distinct opportunities for the self assembly of nanowires into predetermined designs. The opportunities and challenges involved in designing such nanowire-biomaterial hybrid systems and devices are discussed in the following sections.
纳米线的独特性质为设计具有新颖功能的新一代器件和系统提供了绝佳前景。本综述讨论了纳米线 - 生物材料杂化体制备方面的近期科学成就及其作为纳米传感器、纳米致动器和纳米载体的潜在应用。通过不同的连接化学方法，纳米线可以很容易地用各种生物化学物质进行功能化。纳米线与生物分子的这种整合产生了新型杂化系统，该系统将生物材料的识别或催化特性与纳米线引人注目的电子和结构特征结合在一起。受体功能化的纳米线对于生物分子相互作用的直接实时无标记电学检测尤为有吸引力。对纳米线微观结构的独特控制，特别是多段纳米线的设计，为不同生物分子的特定组织提供了空间定义区域。这使得所得纳米线能够同时执行多项任务，并为纳米生物电子学和纳米医学领域的各种重要应用打开了大门。例如，为纳米医学应用设计的多段纳米线可以将选择性靶向、治疗和成像功能结合起来。不同生物识别位点的这种空间定义锚定也为纳米线自组装成预定设计提供了独特机会。以下各节将讨论设计此类纳米线 - 生物材料杂化系统和器件所涉及的机遇与挑战。
