Zolla L, Lupidi G, Marcheggiani M, Falcioni G, Brunori M
Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare, Università degli Studi, Camerino, Italy.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1991;27(1):97-103.
The potential use of red blood cells as a carrier system for transport and delivery of pharmacological substances is well documented. Various methods have been attempted for encapsulation of drugs; in this review we evaluate critically all the procedures illustrating their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, we present kinetic studies of protein encapsulation by moderate hypotonic dialysis, which allows entrapment of molecules with MW less than 50,000 Da with negligible stress of the erythrocyte membrane. Furthermore data reveal that the resealing procedure commonly used is insufficient to completely seal pores of loaded erythrocytes, allowing entrapped proteins with MW less than 12-14,000 Da to escape. However, only 20-30% of the entrapped material is released, depending on the final cytocrit, while the remaining is associated to the inner membrane or to cytosolic components. Although the method of hypotonic dialysis is known to be the one that minimally affects the biophysical and immunological properties of the red blood cell membrane, the interaction of encapsulated material with cell costituents would need to be further assessed when considering red cells as macromolecular carriers.
红细胞作为药物运输和递送载体系统的潜在用途已有充分记载。人们尝试了各种药物包封方法；在本综述中，我们严格评估了所有程序，阐明了它们的优缺点。此外，我们展示了通过适度低渗透析进行蛋白质包封的动力学研究，该方法可包封分子量小于50,000道尔顿的分子，且对红细胞膜的损伤可忽略不计。此外，数据显示常用的重新封闭程序不足以完全封闭负载红细胞的孔隙，使得分子量小于12 - 14,000道尔顿的包封蛋白质得以逸出。然而，根据最终血细胞比容，只有20 - 30%的包封物质会释放，其余部分则与内膜或细胞溶质成分相关。尽管已知低渗透析方法对红细胞膜的生物物理和免疫学性质影响最小，但在将红细胞视为大分子载体时，包封物质与细胞成分的相互作用仍需进一步评估。
