Shpiner R, Vathi S, Stuckey D C
Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Water Res. 2009 Sep;43(17):4258-68. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.004. Epub 2009 Jun 11.
Oil well produced water (PW) can serve as an alternative water resource for restricted halotolerant agricultural purposes if the main pollutants, hydrocarbons and heavy metals, can be removed to below the irrigation standards. In this work, the potential removal of cadmium(II), chromium(III) and nickel(II) from PW by chemical precipitation in biological treatment was evaluated. Precipitation as a sulphide salt was found to be a very effective mechanism, which together with biosorption, biological metal uptake, precipitation as hydroxides and carbonates could remove heavy metals down to below irrigation standards. The existence and capability of these various mechanisms was demonstrated in the performance of a continuous artificial pond followed by intermittent sand filter, achieving removals of around 95% for nickel(II) and even higher removal rates for cadmium(II), chromium(III) from artificial PW after the installation of an anaerobic stage. The treated effluent quality was higher than that required by current European standards.
如果能够将油井采出水（PW）中的主要污染物——碳氢化合物和重金属——去除至灌溉标准以下，那么它就可以作为一种受限的耐盐农业用水替代资源。在这项研究中，评估了通过生物处理中的化学沉淀法从采出水中去除镉（II）、铬（III）和镍（II）的潜力。发现以硫化物盐形式沉淀是一种非常有效的机制，它与生物吸附、生物金属吸收、以氢氧化物和碳酸盐形式沉淀一起，可以将重金属去除至灌溉标准以下。在连续人工池塘后续接间歇砂滤器的运行中，证明了这些不同机制的存在及其能力，在安装厌氧阶段后，人工采出水中的镍（II）去除率约为95%，镉（II）、铬（III）的去除率更高。处理后的出水水质高于现行欧洲标准的要求。
